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*TESTOSTERONE

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol 81, 3469-3475, Copyright © 1996 by Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Effects of testosterone replacement on muscle mass and muscle protein synthesis in hypogonadal men--a clinical research center study

IG Brodsky, P Balagopal and KS Nair
Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, USA. igbrodsk@uic.edu

Testosterone replacement in hypogonadism has long been known to promote nitrogen retention and increase body density, but the mechanisms of nitrogen retention and body composition changes are poorly defined. We measured body composition and muscle protein synthesis in five hypogonadal men before and 6 months after initiating testosterone replacement. Body composition was examined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle mass was estimated both by excretion of creatinine on a meat-free diet and from appendicular mass measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle protein synthesis was assessed by measuring the increment of [13C]leucine in mixed muscle protein and myosin heavy chain during a continuous infusion of L-[l- 13C]leucine. In all subjects there was an increase in fat-free mass (average, 15%; range, 10-22%; P = 0.02) and a decrease in fat mass (- 11%; range, -0.4% to -22.0%; P = 0.03). Muscle mass also increased in everybody (mean, 20%; range, 11-32%; P = 0.04) such that 65% of the increase in fat-free mass could be attributed to accretion of muscle. The accumulation of muscle was associated with a 56% (P = 0.015) increase in the fractional synthesis rate of mixed skeletal muscle proteins and a trend toward a similar increase in the fractional synthesis rate of myosin heavy chain (46%; P = 0.098). We conclude that testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men enhanced skeletal muscle mass by stimulating the muscle protein synthesis rate.


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C. Wang, R. S. Swerdloff, A. Iranmanesh, A. Dobs, P. J. Snyder, G. Cunningham, A. M. Matsumoto, T. Weber, and N. Berman the Testosterone Gel Study Group
Transdermal Testosterone Gel Improves Sexual Function, Mood, Muscle Strength, and Body Composition Parameters in Hypogonadal Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2000; 85(8): 2839 - 2853.
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D. Vanderschueren, L. Vandenput, S. Boonen, E. Van Herck, J. V. Swinnen, and R. Bouillon
An Aged Rat Model of Partial Androgen Deficiency: Prevention of Both Loss of Bone and Lean Body Mass by Low-Dose Androgen Replacement
Endocrinology, May 1, 2000; 141(5): 1642 - 1647.
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 JAMAHome page
S. Bhasin, T. W. Storer, M. Javanbakht, N. Berman, K. E. Yarasheski, J. Phillips, M. Dike, I. Sinha-Hikim, R. Shen, R. D. Hays, et al.
Testosterone Replacement and Resistance Exercise in HIV-Infected Men With Weight Loss and Low Testosterone Levels
JAMA, February 9, 2000; 283(6): 763 - 770.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B. B. Rasmussen, E. Volpi, D. C. Gore, and R. R. Wolfe
Androstenedione Does Not Stimulate Muscle Protein Anabolism in Young Healthy Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2000; 85(1): 55 - 59.
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 JPEN J Parenter Enteral NutrHome page
S. Bhasin and M. Javanbakht
Can Androgen Therapy Replete Lean Body Mass and Improve Muscle Function in Wasting Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection?
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, November 1, 1999; 23(6_suppl): S195 - S201.
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R. Bross, M. Javanbakht, and S. Bhasin
Anabolic Interventions for Aging-Associated Sarcopenia
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1999; 84(10): 3420 - 3430.
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P. J. Snyder, H. Peachey, P. Hannoush, J. A. Berlin, L. Loh, D. A. Lenrow, J. H. Holmes, A. Dlewati, J. Santanna, C. J. Rosen, et al.
Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Men Over 65 Years of Age
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1999; 84(8): 2647 - 2653.
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M. Sheffield-Moore, R. J. Urban, S. E. Wolf, J. Jiang, D. H. Catlin, D. N. Herndon, R. R. Wolfe, and A. A. Ferrando
Short-Term Oxandrolone Administration Stimulates Net Muscle Protein Synthesis in Young Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1999; 84(8): 2705 - 2711.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . A Statement of the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 1999; 159(4): S2 - 40.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Volpi, P. Lucidi, G. B. Bolli, F. Santeusanio, and P. De Feo
Gender Differences in Basal Protein Kinetics in Young Adults
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 1998; 83(12): 4363 - 4367.
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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. A. Ferrando, K. D. Tipton, D. Doyle, S. M. Phillips, J. Cortiella, and R. R. Wolfe
Testosterone injection stimulates net protein synthesis but not tissue amino acid transport
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 1998; 275(5): E864 - E871.
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S. Bhasin
VIII. Conclusion--Research Design Issues in Examining the Effects of Testosterone Supplementation in Older Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1998; 83(10): 3445 - 3448.
[Full Text]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. Bhasin, T. W. Storer, N. Asbel-Sethi, A. Kilbourne, R. Hays, I. Sinha-Hikim, R. Shen, S. Arver, and G. Beall
Effects of Testosterone Replacement with a Nongenital, Transdermal System, Androderm, in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men with Low Testosterone Levels
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 1998; 83(9): 3155 - 3162.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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K. Miller, C. Corcoran, C. Armstrong, K. Caramelli, E. Anderson, D. Cotton, N. Basgoz, L. Hirschhorn, R. Tuomala, D. Schoenfeld, et al.
Transdermal Testosterone Administration in Women with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Wasting: A Pilot Study
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1998; 83(8): 2717 - 2725.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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N. Mauras, V. Hayes, S. Welch, A. Rini, K. Helgeson, M. Dokler, J. D. Veldhuis, and R. J. Urban
Testosterone Deficiency in Young Men: Marked Alterations in Whole Body Protein Kinetics, Strength, and Adiposity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1998; 83(6): 1886 - 1892.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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I. Sinha-Hikim, S. Arver, G. Beall, R. Shen, M. Guerrero, F. Sattler, C. Shikuma, J. C. Nelson, B.-M. Landgren, N. A. Mazer, et al.
The Use of a Sensitive Equilibrium Dialysis Method for the Measurement of Free Testosterone Levels in Healthy, Cycling Women and in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 1998; 83(4): 1312 - 1318.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. J. Rosen and C. Conover
Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Axis in Aging: A Summary of a National Institutes of Aging-Sponsored Symposium
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 1997; 82(12): 3919 - 3922.
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 ScienceHome page
S. W. Lamberts, A. W. van den Beld, and A. van der Lely
The Endocrinology of Aging
Science, October 17, 1997; 278(5337): 419 - 424.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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S. Arslanian and C. Suprasongsin
Testosterone Treatment in Adolescents with Delayed Puberty: Changes in Body Composition, Protein, Fat, and Glucose Metabolism
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1997; 82(10): 3213 - 3220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Balagopal, O. E. Rooyackers, D. B. Adey, P. A. Ades, and K. S. Nair
Effects of aging on in vivo synthesis of skeletal muscle myosin heavy-chain and sarcoplasmic protein in humans
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 1997; 273(4): E790 - E800.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. A. Ferrando, M. Sheffield-Moore, C. W. Yeckel, C. Gilkison, J. Jiang, A. Achacosa, S. A. Lieberman, K. Tipton, R. R. Wolfe, and R. J. Urban
Testosterone administration to older men improves muscle function: molecular and physiological mechanisms
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2002; 282(3): E601 - E607.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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