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Departments of Endocrinology (M.A., R.M.C., J.S., H.F.E.-M.), Molecular Genetics (J.L.S.M.), and Biochemistry (S.A.), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km. 9,100, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
We prospectively estimated the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as defined by the NIH/NICHHD 1990 endocrine criteria, in a population of 154 Caucasian women of reproductive age reporting spontaneously for blood donation. Anthropometric data; the presence of hirsutism, acne, and androgenic alopecia; and the menstrual history were recorded by a single investigator. In 145 women, blood samples were also obtained for measurement of serum androgen levels. PCOS was defined by the presence of 1) oligomenorrhea, 2) clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and 3) exclusion of hyperprolactinemia, thyroid disorders, and nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hirsutism was defined by a modified Ferriman- Gallwey score of 8 or more, acne was considered as a sign of hyperandrogenism when persistent after the second decade of life, and hyperandrogenemia was defined by an increase in circulating testosterone or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or an increase in the free androgen index above the 95th percentile of the control values derived from the nonhirsute, nonacneic women having regular menses who were not receiving hormonal therapy. PCOS was present in 10 (6.5%), hirsutism was present in 11 (7.1%), and acne was present in 19 (12.3%) of the 154 women. Our results demonstrate a 6.5% prevalence of PCOS, as defined, in a minimally biased population of Caucasian women from Spain. The polycystic ovary syndrome, hirsutism, and acne are common endocrine disorders in women.
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T. Sir-Petermann, B. Echiburu, M M. Maliqueo, N. Crisosto, F. Sanchez, C. Hitschfeld, M. Carcamo, P. Amigo, and F. Perez-Bravo Serum adiponectin and lipid concentrations in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2007; 22(7): 1830 - 1836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. J. Himelein and S. S. Thatcher Depression and Body Image among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Health Psychol, July 1, 2006; 11(4): 613 - 625. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S.K. Blank, C.R. McCartney, and J.C. Marshall The origins and sequelae of abnormal neuroendocrine function in polycystic ovary syndrome Hum. Reprod. Update, July 1, 2006; 12(4): 351 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Hahn, S. Benson, S. Elsenbruch, K. Pleger, S. Tan, K. Mann, M. Schedlowski, W. B. van Halteren, R. Kimmig, and O. E. Janssen Metformin treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome improves health-related quality-of-life, emotional distress and sexuality Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2006; 21(7): 1925 - 1934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Codner, N. Soto, P. Lopez, L. Trejo, A. Avila, F. C. Eyzaguirre, G. Iniguez, and F. Cassorla Diagnostic Criteria for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Ovarian Morphology in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2006; 91(6): 2250 - 2256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Xita and A. Tsatsoulis Fetal Programming of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Androgen Excess: Evidence from Experimental, Clinical, and Genetic Association Studies J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2006; 91(5): 1660 - 1666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Ibanez and F. de Zegher Low-dose flutamide-metformin therapy for hyperinsulinemic hyperandrogenism in non-obese adolescents and women Hum. Reprod. Update, May 1, 2006; 12(3): 243 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Yesilada, I. Sahin, H. Ozcan, I. H. Yildirim, S. Yologlu, and C. Taskapan Increased micronucleus frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2006; 154(4): 563 - 568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. C. Lo, S. L. Feigenbaum, J. Yang, A. R. Pressman, J. V. Selby, and A. S. Go Epidemiology and Adverse Cardiovascular Risk Profile of Diagnosed Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2006; 91(4): 1357 - 1363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. I. Leibel, E. E. Baumann, M. Kocherginsky, and R. L. Rosenfield Relationship of Adolescent Polycystic Ovary Syndrome to Parental Metabolic Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2006; 91(4): 1275 - 1283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Gonzalez, M.E. Saez, M.J. Aragon, J.J. Galan, P. Vettori, L. Molina, C. Rubio, L.M. Real, A. Ruiz, and R. Ramirez-Lorca Specific haplotypes of the CALPAIN-5 gene are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2006; 21(4): 943 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Elsenbruch, S. Benson, S. Hahn, S. Tan, K. Mann, K. Pleger, R. Kimmig, and O. E. Janssen Determinants of emotional distress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2006; 21(4): 1092 - 1099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 V. Sander, C. G. Luchetti, M. E. Solano, E. Elia, G. Di Girolamo, C. Gonzalez, and A. B. Motta Role of the N, N'-dimethylbiguanide metformin in the treatment of female prepuberal BALB/c mice hyperandrogenized with dehydroepiandrosterone. Reproduction, March 1, 2006; 131(3): 591 - 602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Bridger, S. MacDonald, F. Baltzer, and C. Rodd Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Metformin for Adolescents With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, March 1, 2006; 160(3): 241 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Hahn, U. Haselhorst, B. Quadbeck, S. Tan, R. Kimmig, K. Mann, and O. E Janssen Decreased soluble leptin receptor levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2006; 154(2): 287 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Mohlig, J. Spranger, M. Ristow, A. F H Pfeiffer, T. Schill, H. W Schlosser, L. Moltz, G. Brabant, and C. Schofl Predictors of abnormal glucose metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2006; 154(2): 295 - 301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Ibanez, C. Valls, and F. de Zegher Discontinuous low-dose flutamide-metformin plus an oral or a transdermal contraceptive in patients with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism: normalizing effects on CRP, TNF-{alpha} and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2006; 21(2): 451 - 456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. F. Escobar-Morreale, J. I. Botella-Carretero, F. Alvarez-Blasco, J. Sancho, and J. L. San Millan The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Associated with Morbid Obesity May Resolve after Weight Loss Induced by Bariatric Surgery J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2005; 90(12): 6364 - 6369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Zhou, I. M. Bird, D. A. Dumesic, and D. H. Abbott Adrenal Hyperandrogenism Is Induced by Fetal Androgen Excess in a Rhesus Monkey Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2005; 90(12): 6630 - 6637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Diamanti-Kandarakis and C. Piperi Genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome: searching for the way out of the labyrinth Hum. Reprod. Update, November 1, 2005; 11(6): 631 - 643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Villuendas, J. I. Botella-Carretero, B. Roldan, J. Sancho, H. F. Escobar-Morreale, and J. L. S. Millan Polymorphisms in the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene and the insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) gene influence glucose homeostasis and body mass index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and non-hyperandrogenic controls Hum. Reprod., November 1, 2005; 20(11): 3184 - 3191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. K. Welt, A. E. Taylor, J. Fox, G. M. Messerlian, J. M. Adams, and A. L. Schneyer Follicular Arrest in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Associated with Deficient Inhibin A and B Biosynthesis J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 5582 - 5587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Ibanez, A. M. Jaramillo, A. Ferrer, and F. de Zegher High neutrophil count in girls and women with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism: normalization with metformin and flutamide overcomes the aggravation by oral contraception Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2005; 20(9): 2457 - 2462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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