This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Chin-Chance, C. Articles by Schoeller, D. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Chin-Chance, C. Articles by Schoeller, D. A.

Twenty-Four-Hour Leptin Levels Respond to Cumulative Short-Term Energy Imbalance and Predict Subsequent Intake¹

Department of Medicine (C.C.-C., K.S.P.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Department of Nutritional Sciences (D.A.S.), University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Address correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dale A. Schoeller, Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. E-mail: dschoell{at}nutrisci.wisc.edu

Leptin plays a vital role in the regulation of energy balance in rodent models of obesity. However, less information is available about its homeostatic role in humans. The aim of this study was to determine whether leptin serves as an indicator of short-term energy balance by measuring acute effects of small manipulations in energy intake on leptin levels in normal individuals. The 12-day study was composed of four consecutive dietary-treatment periods of 3 days each. Baseline (BASE) [100% total energy expenditure (TEE)] feeding, followed by random crossover periods of overfeeding (130% TEE) or underfeeding (70% TEE) separated by a eucaloric (100% TEE) washout (WASH) period. The study participants were six healthy, nonobese subjects. Leptin levels serially measured throughout the study period allowed a daily profile for each treatment period to be constructed and a 24-h average to be calculated; ad libitum intake during breakfast "buffet" following each treatment period was also measured. Average changes in mesor leptin levels during WASH, which were sensitive to energy balance effected during the prior period, were observed. After underfeeding, leptin levels during WASH were 88 ± 16% of those during BASE compared with 135 ± 22% following overfeeding (P = 0.03). Leptin levels did not return to BASE during WASH when intake returned to 100% TEE, but instead were restored (104 ± 21% and 106 ± 16%; not significant) only after subjects crossed-over to complementary dietary treatment that restored cumulative energy balance. Changes in ad libitum intake from BASE correlated with changes in leptin levels (r² = 0.40; P = 0.01). Leptin levels are acutely responsive to modest changes in energy balance. Because leptin levels returned to BASE only after completion of a complementary feeding period and restoration of cumulative energy balance, leptin levels reflect short-term cumulative energy balance. Leptin seems to maintain cumulative energy balance by modulating energy intake.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. Van Cauter and K. L Knutson Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults Eur. J. Endocrinol., December 1, 2008; 159(suppl_1): S59 - S66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. R. Chasens Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Daytime Sleepiness, and Type 2 Diabetes The Diabetes Educator, May 1, 2007; 33(3): 475 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Sun, J. Bishop, S. Khalili, S. Vasdev, V. Gill, D. Pace, D. Fitzpatrick, E. Randell, Y.-G. Xie, and H. Zhang Serum visfatin concentrations are positively correlated with serum triacylglycerols and down-regulated by overfeeding in healthy young men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2007; 85(2): 399 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Spiegel, K. Knutson, R. Leproult, E. Tasali, and E. V. Cauter Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2005; 99(5): 2008 - 2019. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. A. Singh, C. N. Boozer, and J. R. Vasselli Acute insulin-induced elevations of circulating leptin and feeding inhibition in lean but not obese rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2005; 289(2): R373 - R379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Mars, C. de Graaf, L. C. de Groot, and F. J Kok Decreases in fasting leptin and insulin concentrations after acute energy restriction and subsequent compensation in food intake Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2005; 81(3): 570 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Spiegel, E. Tasali, P. Penev, and E. V. Cauter Brief Communication: Sleep Curtailment in Healthy Young Men Is Associated with Decreased Leptin Levels, Elevated Ghrelin Levels, and Increased Hunger and Appetite Ann Intern Med, December 7, 2004; 141(11): 846 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Spiegel, R. Leproult, M. L'Hermite-Baleriaux, G. Copinschi, P. D. Penev, and E. Van Cauter Leptin Levels Are Dependent on Sleep Duration: Relationships with Sympathovagal Balance, Carbohydrate Regulation, Cortisol, and Thyrotropin J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 5762 - 5771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. de Graaf, W. A. Blom, P. A. Smeets, A. Stafleu, and H. F. Hendriks Biomarkers of satiation and satiety Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2004; 79(6): 946 - 961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Schultes, K. M. Oltmanns, W. Kern, H. L. Fehm, J. Born, and A. Peters Modulation of Hunger by Plasma Glucose and Metformin J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2003; 88(3): 1133 - 1141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. D. Brannian, S. M. Schmidt, D. O. Kreger, and K. A. Hansen Baseline non-fasting serum leptin concentration to body mass index ratio is predictive of IVF outcomes Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2001; 16(9): 1819 - 1826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]