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Original Studies |
, in Vivo1
University College London Medical School (V.M.-A., S.G., A.R., D.R.K., J.S.Y., S.W.C.), London, United Kingdom N19 3UA; St. Luke’s Hospital (J.M.M.), Kansas City, Missouri 64111; and Washington University School of Medicine (S.K.), St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. V. Mohamed-Ali, University College London Medical School, G Block Archway Wing, Whittington Hospital, London, United Kingdom N19 3UA.
We measured arterio-venous differences in concentrations of tumor
necrosis factor-
(TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) across a sc
adipose tissue bed in the postabsorptive state in 39 subjects [22
women and 17 men; median age, 36 yr (interquartile range, 26–48 yr);
body mass index, 31.8 kg/m2 (range, 22.3- 38.7
kg/m2); percent body fat, 28.7% (range, 17.6–50.7%)]. A
subgroup of 8 subjects had arterio-venous differences measured across
forearm muscle. Thirty subjects were studied from late morning to early
evening; 19 ate a high carbohydrate meal around 1300 h, and 11
continued to fast. We found a greater than 2-fold increase in IL-6
concentrations across the adipose tissue bed [arterial, 2.27 pg/mL
(range, 1.42–3.53 pg/mL); venous, 6.71 pg/mL (range, 3.36–9.62
pg/mL); P < 0.001], but not across forearm
muscle. Arterial plasma concentrations of IL-6 correlated significantly
with body mass index (Spearman’s r = 0.48; P
< 0.01) and percent body fat (Spearman’s r = 0.49;
P < 0.01). Subcutaneous adipose tissue IL-6
production increased by the early evening (1800–1900 h) in both
subjects who had extended their fasting and those who had eaten.
Neither deep forearm nor sc adipose tissue consistently released TNF
[across adipose tissue: arterial, 1.83 pg/mL (range, 1.36–2.34
pg/mL); venous, 1.85 pg/mL (range, 1.44–2.53 pg/mL);
P = NS: across forearm muscle: arterial, 1.22 pg/mL
(range, 0.74–2.76 pg/mL); venous, 0.99 pg/mL (range, 0.69–1.70
pg/mL); P = NS]. Although both IL-6 and TNF are
expressed by adipose tissue, our results show that there are important
differences in their systemic release. TNF is not released by this
sc depot. In contrast, IL-6 is released from the depot and is thereby
able to signal systemically.
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E. Selvin, N. P. Paynter, and T. P. Erlinger The Effect of Weight Loss on C-Reactive Protein: A Systematic Review Arch Intern Med, January 8, 2007; 167(1): 31 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. S. Redwine, P. J. Mills, S. Hong, T. Rutledge, V. Reis, A. Maisel, and M. R. Irwin Cardiac-related Hospitalization and/or Death Associated With Immune Dysregulation and Symptoms of Depression in Heart Failure Patients Psychosom Med, January 1, 2007; 69(1): 23 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Cardellini, M. A. Marini, S. Frontoni, M. L. Hribal, F. Andreozzi, F. Perticone, M. Federici, D. Lauro, and G. Sesti Carotid artery intima-media thickness is associated with insulin-mediated glucose disposal in nondiabetic normotensive offspring of type 2 diabetic patients Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2007; 292(1): E347 - E352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. E. Trujillo and P. E. Scherer Adipose Tissue-Derived Factors: Impact on Health and Disease Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2006; 27(7): 762 - 778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Al-Khalili, K. Bouzakri, S. Glund, F. Lonnqvist, H. A. Koistinen, and A. Krook Signaling Specificity of Interleukin-6 Action on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2006; 20(12): 3364 - 3375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Klimcakova, J. Polak, C. Moro, J. Hejnova, M. Majercik, N. Viguerie, M. Berlan, D. Langin, and V. Stich Dynamic Strength Training Improves Insulin Sensitivity without Altering Plasma Levels and Gene Expression of Adipokines in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2006; 91(12): 5107 - 5112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. L. Marsland, K. L. Petersen, R. Sathanoori, M. F. Muldoon, S. A. Neumann, C. Ryan, J. D. Flory, and S. B. Manuck Interleukin-6 Covaries Inversely With Cognitive Performance Among Middle-Aged Community Volunteers Psychosom Med, November 1, 2006; 68(6): 895 - 903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Devaraj, E. Chan, and I. Jialal Direct Demonstration of an Antiinflammatory Effect of Simvastatin in Subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2006; 91(11): 4489 - 4496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Kapiotis, G. Holzer, G. Schaller, M. Haumer, H. Widhalm, D. Weghuber, B. Jilma, G. Roggla, M. Wolzt, K. Widhalm, et al. A Proinflammatory State Is Detectable in Obese Children and Is Accompanied by Functional and Morphological Vascular Changes Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2006; 26(11): 2541 - 2546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y.-P. Lu, Y.-R. Lou, B. Nolan, Q.-Y. Peng, J.-G. Xie, G. C. Wagner, and A. H. Conney Stimulatory effect of voluntary exercise or fat removal (partial lipectomy) on apoptosis in the skin of UVB light-irradiated mice PNAS, October 31, 2006; 103(44): 16301 - 16306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Aeberli, L. Molinari, G. Spinas, R. Lehmann, D. l'Allemand, and M. B Zimmermann Dietary intakes of fat and antioxidant vitamins are predictors of subclinical inflammation in overweight Swiss children. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 748 - 755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.-M. Ategbo, O. Grissa, A. Yessoufou, A. Hichami, K. L. Dramane, K. Moutairou, A. Miled, A. Grissa, M. Jerbi, Z. Tabka, et al. Modulation of Adipokines and Cytokines in Gestational Diabetes and Macrosomia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2006; 91(10): 4137 - 4143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Ryan, C. T. Taylor, and W. T. McNicholas Predictors of Elevated Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B-dependent Genes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2006; 174(7): 824 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Dimitrov, T. Lange, C. Benedict, M. A. Nowell, S. A. Jones, J. Scheller, S. Rose-John, and J. Born Sleep enhances IL-6 trans-signaling in humans FASEB J, October 1, 2006; 20(12): 2174 - 2176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Mehra, A. Storfer-Isser, H. L. Kirchner, N. Johnson, N. Jenny, R. P. Tracy, and S. Redline Soluble interleukin 6 receptor: a novel marker of moderate to severe sleep-related breathing disorder. Arch Intern Med, September 18, 2006; 166(16): 1725 - 1731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Aronson, I. Roterman, M. Yigla, A. Kerner, O. Avizohar, R. Sella, P. Bartha, Y. Levy, and W. Markiewicz Inverse Association between Pulmonary Function and C-Reactive Protein in Apparently Healthy Subjects Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 15, 2006; 174(6): 626 - 632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Warnberg, E. Nova, L. A Moreno, J. Romeo, M. I Mesana, J. R Ruiz, F. B Ortega, M. Sjostrom, M. Bueno, A. Marcos, et al. Inflammatory proteins are related to total and abdominal adiposity in a healthy adolescent population: the AVENA Study. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2006; 84(3): 505 - 512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Shadid, C. D. A. Stehouwer, and M. D. Jensen Diet/Exercise Versus Pioglitazone: Effects of Insulin Sensitization with Decreasing or Increasing Fat Mass on Adipokines and Inflammatory Markers J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2006; 91(9): 3418 - 3425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G. G. Gosman, H. I. Katcher, and R. S. Legro Obesity and the role of gut and adipose hormones in female reproduction Hum. Reprod. Update, September 1, 2006; 12(5): 585 - 601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. Somani, P. J. Grant, K. Kain, A. J. Catto, and A. M. Carter Complement C3 and C-Reactive Protein Are Elevated in South Asians Independent of a Family History of Stroke Stroke, August 1, 2006; 37(8): 2001 - 2006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Baillargeon, E. A. Platz, D. P. Rose, B. H. Pollock, D. P. Ankerst, S. Haffner, B. Higgins, A. Lokshin, D. Troyer, J. Hernandez, et al. Obesity, adipokines, and prostate cancer in a prospective population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2006; 15(7): 1331 - 1335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. H. Pietilainen, K. Kannisto, E. Korsheninnikova, A. Rissanen, J. Kaprio, E. Ehrenborg, A. Hamsten, and H. Yki-Jarvinen Acquired Obesity Increases CD68 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} and Decreases Adiponectin Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue: A Study in Monozygotic Twins J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2006; 91(7): 2776 - 2781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Andreozzi, E. Laratta, M. Cardellini, M. A. Marini, R. Lauro, M. L. Hribal, F. Perticone, and G. Sesti Plasma interleukin-6 levels are independently associated with insulin secretion in a cohort of italian-caucasian nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes, July 1, 2006; 55(7): 2021 - 2024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Krogh-Madsen, P. Plomgaard, K. Moller, B. Mittendorfer, and B. K. Pedersen Influence of TNF-{alpha} and IL-6 infusions on insulin sensitivity and expression of IL-18 in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2006; 291(1): E108 - E114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Maggio, J. M. Guralnik, D. L. Longo, and L. Ferrucci Interleukin-6 in aging and chronic disease: a magnificent pathway. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2006; 61(6): 575 - 584. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Yoshida, T. Kaneshi, T. Shimabukuro, M. Sunagawa, and T. Ohta Serum C-Reactive Protein and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Adipocytokines in Japanese Children J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2006; 91(6): 2133 - 2137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Qi, R. M. van Dam, J. B. Meigs, J. E. Manson, D. Hunter, and F. B. Hu Genetic variation in IL6 gene and type 2 diabetes: tagging-SNP haplotype analysis in large-scale case-control study and meta-analysis Hum. Mol. Genet., June 1, 2006; 15(11): 1914 - 1920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. T. Antunes, A. Gagnon, B. Chen, F. Pacini, T. J. Smith, and A. Sorisky Interleukin-6 release from human abdominal adipose cells is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone: effect of adipocyte differentiation and anatomic depot Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1140 - E1144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. Wagoner, D. B. Hausman, and R. B. S. Harris Direct and indirect effects of leptin on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): R1557 - R1564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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