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Submitted on November 10, 2004
Accepted on April 6, 2005
Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: i.reid{at}auckland.ac.nz.
Context Epidemiologic data suggest that high calcium intakes are associated with decreased body weight and blood pressure. However, there is little evidence from randomized trials that addresses these important issues.
Objective To assess the long-term effects of calcium on body weight and blood pressure.
Design Sub-study of an ongoing, double-blind, randomized controlled trial of calcium supplementation. End-points were assessed at 30 months.
Setting University medical center
Participants Normal postmenopausal women, mean age 74 y, mean weight 67 kg, mean blood pressure 134/70 at baseline.
Intervention Calcium 1 g/day (n = 732) and placebo (n = 739).
Main Outcome Measures Body weight and blood pressure
Results Weight decreased by 368 ± 132 (mean±SE) g with calcium and by 369 ± 134 g with placebo (P = 0.93). Fat and lean masses also did not show an effect of calcium. Blood pressure showed transient reductions of 1-2 mmHg at 6 months in the calcium group, resulting in a significant between-groups difference only for systolic pressure (P = 0.048). At 30 months, the change from baseline in systolic pressure was 0.0 ± 0.9 mmHg in the calcium group and 2.4 ± 0.9 mmHg in the placebo group (P = 0.14). For diastolic pressures, the changes were -0.2 ± 0.4 mmHg and 0.8 ± 0.4 mmHg, respectively (P = 0.13). In those with baseline calcium intakes <600 mg/day, the treatment effect was larger and did persist.
Conclusions Calcium supplementation of 1 g/day does not produce biologically significant effects on body weight and its hypotensive effect is small and transient in most women.
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