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Submitted on July 5, 2007
Accepted on September 20, 2007
Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx , New York 10467 (M.I.S.), and Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 (J.G.H.)
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: msurks{at}westnet.com.
Context: Measurements from all age groups defined the upper limit of the TSH reference range in NHANES III. The TSH median, 97.5 percentile and prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), normal serum T4 and TSH > 4.5 mIU/L, increased progressively with age. Age-adjusted reference ranges would include many people with TSH > 4.5 mIU/L.
Objective: We determined whether increasing 50 and 97.5 centiles with age resulted from more patients with SCH in populations with normal TSH distribution or whether age-specific population shifts to higher serum TSH might account for these findings.
Design/Setting/Patients: We analyzed TSH, antithyroid antibodies and TSH frequency distribution curves for specific age deciles in populations without thyroid disease, with or without antithyroid antibodies.
Results: Without thyroid disease, 10.6 percent of 20–29 year olds had TSH > 2.5 mIU/L, increasing to 40% in the 80+ group, 14.5% of whom had TSH > 4.5 mIU/L. When TSH was > 4.5 mIU/l, the percentage with antibodies was 67.4% (age 40–49), and progressively decreased to 40.5% in the 80+ group. TSH frequency distribution curves of the 80 + group with or without antibodies was displaced to higher TSH, including TSH at peak frequency. The 97.5 centiles for the 20–29 and 80+ groups were 3.56 and 7.49 mIU/L, respectively. Seventy percent of older patients with TSH > 4.5 mIU/l were within their age-specific reference range.
Conclusion: TSH distribution progressively shifts toward higher concentrations with age. The prevalence of SCH may be significantly overestimated unless an age-specific range for TSH is employed.
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