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This version published online on May 20, 2008
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2630
A more recent version of this article appeared on August 1, 2008
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Submitted on November 28, 2007
Accepted on May 9, 2008

CC chemokine and CC chemokine receptor profiles in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue are altered in human obesity

Joakim Huber, Florian W. Kiefer, Maximilian Zeyda, Bernhard Ludvik, Gerd R. Silberhumer, Gerhard Prager, Gerhard J. Zlabinger, and Thomas M. Stulnig*

Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: thomas.stulnig{at}meduniwien.ac.at.

Background/Aims: Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue. The role of CC chemokines and their respective receptors in human adipose tissue inflammation remains to be determined.

Methods: Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of obese patients (BMI 53.1±11.3 kg/m2) compared to lean controls (BMI 25.9±3.8 kg/m2) was analyzed for alterations in inflammatory gene expression.

Results: Macrophage infiltration was increased in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of obese patients as determined by increased mRNA expression of a macrophage-specific marker (CD68) and by elevated macrophage infiltration. Gene expression of CC chemokines involved in monocyte chemotaxis (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8 and CCL11) and their receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5) were higher in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of obese patients. Serum concentrations of the inflammatory marker interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were elevated in obese patients compared to lean controls. Obese patients revealed increased insulin resistance as assessed by the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) and reduced plasma adiponectin concentrations. Adipose tissue expression of many CC chemokines and their receptors in the obese group positively correlated with CD68 expression.

Conclusion: Up regulation of the CC chemokines and their respective receptors in adipose tissue occurs in human obesity and is associated with increased systemic inflammation.
Key words: Obesity • CC chemokines • adipose tissue • inflammation • CC chemokine receptors • insulin resistance






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