The Endocrine Society:

Endocrinology & Metabolism News
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 17a-19a [Full Text] [PDF]  

From the Editor-in-Chief:

Paul W. Ladenson

From the Editor-in-Chief:A New Look for JCEM’s Enduring Vision
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Special Features:

Susan L. Greenspan

APPROACH TO THE PATIENT:Approach to the Prostate Cancer Patient with Bone Disease
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2-7 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is commonly used in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, but is associated with significant bone loss and fractures. This article suggests guidelines for ADTinduced bone loss screening and treatment.

V. Di Scioscio, V. Loffreda, P. Feraco, R. Luccaroni, L. M. Palena, T. Balbi, and M. Zompatori

IMAGE IN ENDOCRINOLOGY:Diffuse Lipomatosis of Thyroid Gland
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 8-9 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Paulo F. Collett-Solberg, Madhusmita Misra on behalf of the Drug and Therapeutics Committee of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society

CLINICAL REVIEW:The Role of Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Treating Children with Short Stature
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 10-18; first published December 28 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1534 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Treatment of children with recombinant human IGF-1(rhIGF-1) following the indications approved by the FDA improves their height although use of this drug for other indications still needs to be investigated.

Louis J. Gooren, Erik J. Giltay, and Mathijs C. Bunck

EXTENSIVE CLINICAL EXPERIENCE:Long-Term Treatment of Transsexuals with Cross-Sex Hormones: Extensive Personal Experience
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 19-25; first published November 6 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1809 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A preliminary report on cross-sex hormone treatment in transsexuals reveals the treatment to be safe and at low risk for osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer over the short and medium term.

Jean Y. Park, Angeline Y. Chong, Elaine K. Cochran, David E. Kleiner, Michael J. Haller, Desmond A. Schatz, and Phillip Gorden

CLINICAL CASE SEMINAR:Type 1 Diabetes Associated with Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy and Insulin Resistance: The Effect of Long-Term Leptin Therapy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 26-31; first published October 16 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1856 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Leptin therapy on two patients with acquired generalized lipodystrophy and type 1 diabetes was found to improve their glycemic control, decrease their insulin requirements, and improve their triglycerides, which suggests that this treatment is effective for these two disorders.

Editorials:

Peter J. Snyder

Might Testosterone Actually Reduce Mortality?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 32-33 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Naveed Sattar and Scott M. Nelson

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Biomarkers, and Metformin: Research, Risk, and Reality
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 34-36 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Thomas B. Clarkson

Can Women Be Identified That Will Derive Considerable Cardiovascular Benefits from Postmenopausal Estrogen Therapy?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 37-39 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine Care:

Marian T. Hannan, Heather J. Litman, Andre B. Araujo, Christine E. McLennan, Robert R. McLean, John B. McKinlay, Tai C. Chen, and Michael F. Holick

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Group of Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 40-46; first published November 6 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1217 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study among Black, Hispanic, and White men finds a positive correlation between bone mineral density and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the latter group but not in the former two groups.

Helene Siilin, Jonas Rastad, Östen Ljunggren, and Ewa Lundgren

Disturbances of Calcium Homeostasis Consistent with Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Premenopausal Women and Associated Morbidity
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 47-53; first published November 27 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0600 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study reports that early hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) may be more prevalent in premenopausal women than previously thought. Mild disturbances in calcium homeostasis were associated with impaired bone mineralization, obesity, and decreased life quality.

Barbara L. Parry, Charles J. Meliska, Diane L. Sorenson, Ana M. López, Luis F. Martínez, Sara Nowakowski, Richard L. Hauger, and Jeffrey A. Elliott

Increased Melatonin and Delayed Offset in Menopausal Depression: Role of Years Past Menopause, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Sleep End Time, and Body Mass Index
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 54-60; first published November 27 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2853 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The exact roles endocrine levels play in menopausal depression remain largely unexplained. This study reveals that depressed, peri- and postmenopausal women have increased melatonin secretion that is phase-delayed into the morning. Other factors may also modulate this secretion, including years past menopause, sleep end time, FSH level and body mass index.

O. M. Dekkers, N. R. Biermasz, A. M. Pereira, J. A. Romijn, and J. P. Vandenbroucke

Mortality in Acromegaly: A Metaanalysis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 61-67; first published October 30 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1191 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This meta-analysis shows that patients with acromegaly have an overall 73% increase in mortality, which was only 32% increased in patients primarily treated by transsphenoidal surgery.

Gail A. Laughlin, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, and Jaclyn Bergstrom

Low Serum Testosterone and Mortality in Older Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 68-75; first published October 2 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1792 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study indicates an association between testosterone insufficiency in older men and increased mortality risk over the following 20 years, independent of multiple risk factors and several pre-existing health conditions.

M. G. Castagna, L. Brilli, T. Pilli, A. Montanaro, C. Cipri, C. Fioravanti, F. Sestini, M. Capezzone, and F. Pacini

Limited Value of Repeat Recombinant Human Thyrotropin (rhTSH)-Stimulated Thyroglobulin Testing in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Patients with Previous Negative rhTSH-Stimulated Thyroglobulin and Undetectable Basal Serum Thyroglobulin Levels
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 76-81; first published October 30 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1404 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
One year after initial treatment, patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer undergo treatment with recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) and neck ultrasound. This study suggests a second rhTSH stimulation test only for patients who have positive stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels at the time of the first rhTSH test and have continued to display undetectable basal serum Tg in subsequent years.

Dennis Heutling, Hasmik Schulz, Ingrid Nickel, Juergen Kleinstein, Petra Kaltwasser, Sabine Westphal, Friedrich Mittermayer, Michael Wolzt, Katarzyna Krzyzanowska, Harpal Randeva, Guntram Schernthaner, and Hendrik Lehnert

Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine, Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome before and after Metformin Treatment
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 82-90; first published November 6 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0842 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Mechanisms linking polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to increased cardiovascular risk are not well understood. This study demonstrates that women with PCOS have higher levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and intima media thickness, both of which have been linked to cardiovascular events, and that these factors are attenuated when treated with metformin.

Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich, Carol M. Preissner, William F. Young, Jr., Ravinder J. Singh, and Stefan K. G. Grebe

Plasma Chromogranin A or Urine Fractionated Metanephrines Follow-Up Testing Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Fractionated Metanephrines for Pheochromocytoma
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 91-95; first published October 16 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1354 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Pheochromocytoma is frequently considered in the differential diagnosis of severe hypertension. It can usually be excluded by normal plasma free metanephrine levels. However, modestly elevated free plasma metanephrine levels are often false positive. To reduce false positives, this study recommends patients with a less than 4-fold elevation of plasma fractionated free metanephrines undergo follow-up tests of plasma chromogranin A or urine fractionated metanephrines.

Susan Thys-Jacobs, Don McMahon, and John P. Bilezikian

Differences in Free Estradiol and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Women with and without Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 96-102; first published October 23 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1726 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a poorly understood feminine disorder. A study measuring the ovarian steroid hormones across the menstrual cycle in women with and without this disorder reveals lower free estradiol (E2), lower %free E2, and higher SHBG during the luteal phases in PMDD women.

Andrea Mari, Werner A. Scherbaum, Peter M. Nilsson, Gerard Lalanne, Anja Schweizer, Beth E. Dunning, Sophie Jauffret, and James E. Foley

Characterization of the Influence of Vildagliptin on Model-Assessed β-Cell Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Mild Hyperglycemia
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 103-109; first published October 9 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1639 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Patients with type 2 diabetes and mild hyperglycemia that underwent a 52-week treatment with vildagliptin (50 gm qd) show improvement in insulin secretory tone, beta-cell glucose sensitivity and rate sensitivity, and a decrease in blood sugar. These effects disappeared once the drug was washed out.

Bogdan Galusca, Mohamed Zouch, Natacha Germain, Cecile Bossu, Delphine Frere, Francois Lang, Marie-Helene Lafage-Proust, Thierry Thomas, Laurence Vico, and Bruno Estour

Constitutional Thinness: Unusual Human Phenotype of Low Bone Quality
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 110-117; first published October 23 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1591 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of young women with constitutional thinness, associated with close-to-normal percentage of fat mass and no identified hormonal or nutritional causality, finds these subjects to have a low lumbar and femoral bone mineral density and decreased breaking strength in the radius and tibia, similar to long-term anorexia nervosa patients, but with normal bone turnover.

Leena Juurinen, Anna Kotronen, Marit Granér, and Hannele Yki-Järvinen

Rosiglitazone Reduces Liver Fat and Insulin Requirements and Improves Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Requiring High Insulin Doses
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 118-124; first published October 23 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1825 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Liver fat determines the effectiveness of insulin and has implications for those with type 2 diabetes. Reducing liver fat with the drug rosiglitazone, a PPAR{gamma} agonist, was found to be beneficial in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients requiring high doses of insulin, indicating a possible use for this drug in the arsenal used to treat this disease.

Mark L. Hartman, Arthur Weltman, Anthony Zagar, Rebecca L. Qualy, Andrew R. Hoffman, and George R. Merriam

Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency Improves Maximal Oxygen Consumption Independently of Dosing Regimen or Physical Activity
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 125-130; first published October 23 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1430 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults shows improved aerobic capacity, independent of physical activity, regardless of whether patients were treated with an individualized GH dosing regimen or fixed body weight-based dosing regimen.

Roksana Karim, Howard N. Hodis, Frank Z. Stanczyk, Rogerio A. Lobo, and Wendy J. Mack

Relationship between Serum Levels of Sex Hormones and Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 131-138; first published October 9 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1738 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Postmenopausal women are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than premenopausal women. A study comparing serum levels of sex hormones in postmenopausal women with and without hormone therapy to atherosclerosis demonstrates that an increase in estrogens and SHBG levels are significantly associated with reduced progression of carotid intima media thickness, a CVD indicator.

C. A. Allan, B. J. G. Strauss, H. G. Burger, E. A. Forbes, and R. I. McLachlan

Testosterone Therapy Prevents Gain in Visceral Adipose Tissue and Loss of Skeletal Muscle in Nonobese Aging Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 139-146; first published October 16 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1291 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of non-obese aging men who underwent testosterone therapy demonstrates lower visceral fat accumulation as well as increased total body and thigh skeletal muscle mass.

Antonio Carrascosa, Laura Audí, Cristina Esteban, Mónica Fernández-Cancio, Pilar Andaluz, Miquel Gussinyé, María Clemente, Diego Yeste, and María Angeles Albisu

Growth Hormone (GH) Dose, But Not Exon 3-Deleted/Full-Length GH Receptor Polymorphism Genotypes, Influences Growth Response to Two-Year GH Therapy in Short Small-for-Gestational-Age Children
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 147-153; first published October 9 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1182 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Although growth hormone (GH) therapy is beneficial for short small-for-gestational-age children, it is not clear if growth response is associated with an exon 3-deleted/full-length GHR polymorphism. This study shows that growth response is influenced by GH dose but not by this GHR polymorphism.

Amy Z. Fan, Marcia Russell, Saverio Stranges, Joan Dorn, and Maurizio Trevisan

Association of Lifetime Alcohol Drinking Trajectories with Cardiometabolic Risk
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 154-161; first published November 20 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1395 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The cumulative effects of lifetime drinking on cardiovascular risk have not been firmly established, partly because alcohol-intake can vary at different stages in the drinker's life. This study reports two distinct lifetime trajectories among regular drinkers, one characterized by heavy drinking early in adulthood followed by a sharp decline and the other by moderate intakes over a longer period of life, and links metabolic syndrome to the former.

Bulent O. Yildiz, Eric S. Knochenhauer, and Ricardo Azziz

Impact of Obesity on the Risk for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 162-168; first published October 9 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1834 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study indicates that the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases modestly with increasing obesity, although the degree of obesity has increased in PCOS patients in a manner similar to that of the general population. These data suggest that obesity in PCOS reflects more environmental than genetic factors.

Lise Aksglaede, Niels E. Skakkebaek, and Anders Juul

Abnormal Sex Chromosome Constitution and Longitudinal Growth: Serum Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, IGF Binding Protein-3, Luteinizing Hormone, and Testosterone in 109 Males with 47,XXY, 47,XYY, or Sex-Determining Region of the Y Chromosome (SRY)-Positive 46,XX Karyotypes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 169-176; first published October 16 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1426 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Growth occurs due to the interaction between sex steroids and the GH-IGF axis yet chromosome aberrations also play a role. Despite normal circulating levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, accelerated growth occurred in boys with 47, XXY and 47, XYY karyotypes and decreased growth in boys with 46, XX karyotypes, the latter group following a growth pattern of healthy females.

Daniela V. Frau, Maria L. Lai, Paola Caria, Tinuccia Dettori, Pierpaolo Coni, Gavino Faa, Luca Morandi, Giovanni Tallini, and Roberta Vanni

Trisomy 17 as a Marker for a Subset of Noninvasive Thyroid Nodules with Focal Features of Papillary Carcinoma: Cytogenetic and Molecular Analysis of 62 Cases and Correlation with Histological Findings
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 177-181; first published October 23 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0970 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Non-invasive thyroid nodules with early features of papillary carcinoma often pose diagnostic problems and are difficult to classify. Isolated trisomy 17 is a cytogenetic marker for many of these nodules.

Miroslav Dumic, Karen Lin-Su, Natasha I. Leibel, Srecko Ciglar, Giovanna Vinci, Ruzica Lasan, Saroj Nimkarn, Jean D. Wilson, Ken McElreavey, and Maria I. New

Report of Fertility in a Woman with a Predominantly 46,XY Karyotype in a Family with Multiple Disorders of Sexual Development
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 182-189; first published November 13 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2155 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study reports the unprecedented case of fertility in a 46, XY woman. The ovary was: 93% 46,XY, 6% 45,X. The female menstruated regularly and had two pregnancies. The molecular analysis in the mother and daughter revealed coding sequences of nine genes known to be involved in male sexual development that are identical to the normal male reference sequences.

Anna Maria Pasquino, Ida Pucarelli, Fabiana Accardo, Vitan Demiraj, Maria Segni, and Raffaella Di Nardo

Long-Term Observation of 87 Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs: Impact on Adult Height, Body Mass Index, Bone Mineral Content, and Reproductive Function
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 190-195; first published October 16 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1216 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapy is standard for girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty, but its impact on adult height and other parameters remain unclear. This retrospective study reveals this treatment does have favorable effects on adult height, body mass index, bone mineral density, and reproductive function.

Lourdes Ibáñez, Abel López-Bermejo, Justo Callejo, Ana Torres, Sergi Cabré, David Dunger, and Francis de Zegher

BRIEF REPORT:Polycystic Ovaries in Nonobese Adolescents and Young Women with Ovarian Androgen Excess: Relation to Prenatal Growth
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 196-199; first published October 23 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1800 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Prenatal growth was found to relate to ovarian size and to polycystic ovary (PCO) morphology in nonobese adolescents and young women with androgen excess. There appear to be two major subgroups in this patient population: one with a normal birthweight distribution and with PCO, and one with lower birthweights and without PCO. These findings imply that polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes relate to prenatal growth.

Hendrieke C. Hoftijzer, Karen A. Heemstra, Eleonora P. M. Corssmit, Agatha A. van der Klaauw, Johannes A. Romijn, and Johannes W. A. Smit

BRIEF REPORT:Quality of Life in Cured Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 200-203; first published October 23 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1203 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Although patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma generally have an excellent medical prognosis, this study shows that even apparently cured thyroid cancer patients have decreased qualities of life, independent of their serum TSH level. This decrement lessened over years of follow-up.

Marie J. E. Walenkamp, Alberto M. Pereira, Wilma Oostdijk, Wilhelmina H. Stokvis-Brantsma, Roland W. Pfaeffle, Oliver Blankenstein, and Jan M. Wit

BRIEF REPORT:Height Gain with Combined Growth Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Therapy in Two Pubertal Siblings with a Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor Mutation
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 204-207; first published October 9 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1572 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Mutations in the GHRH receptor gene account for approximately 10% of patients with isolated familial growth hormone deficiency. A look at a Moroccan brother and sister with this mutation treated with GH and GnRH analog in adolescence reveals that this combined therapy could have a marked effect on adult height, even if started at an advanced bone age.

Jhansi Reddy, John P. Bilezikian, Suzanne J. Smith, and Lori Mosca

BRIEF REPORT:Reduced Bone Mineral Density Is Associated with Breast Arterial Calcification
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 208-211; first published October 30 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0693 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Reduced bone mineral density and increased breast arterial calcification have each been associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but a direct link between the two has not been established. This correlation of the two may have implications for using mammography to define risk of cardiovascular disease.

Other Original Articles:

Catherine Le Stunff, Agnès Dechartres, Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice, Philippe Froguel, and Pierre Bougnères

A Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in the p110β Gene Promoter Is Associated with Partial Protection from Insulin Resistance in Severely Obese Adolescents
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 212-215; first published October 30 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1822 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, yet there remain few genetic indicators of insulin resistance, its main complication. A genomic variant in the promoter of the p100{beta} subunit gene of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), a major effector in insulin action, predicts insulin resistance in obese European children.

Lisa A. Kosmiski, Peter Bacchetti, Donald P. Kotler, Steven B. Heymsfield, Cora E. Lewis, Michael G. Shlipak, Rebecca Scherzer, and Carl Grunfeld

Relationship of Fat Distribution with Adipokines in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 216-224; first published October 16 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1155 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In HIV patients the effects of abnormalities in body fat and of antiretroviral drugs on adipocytokines has been unclear. In this study, normal relationships between adiponectin levels and total and leg adiposity were lost in these patients, while its inverse association with visceral adiposity was maintained. In contrast, the relationship between adiposity and leptin levels was unaffected by HIV lipodystrophy.

Timothy C. R. Prickett, Bronwyn Dixon, Chris Frampton, Timothy G. Yandle, A. Mark Richards, Eric A. Espiner, and Brian A. Darlow

Plasma Amino-Terminal Pro C-Type Natriuretic Peptide in the Neonate: Relation to Gestational Age and Postnatal Linear Growth
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 225-232; first published October 30 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1815 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
There is a need for markers of growth in neonates with diverse disorders affecting growth and nutrition. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) may be such a marker, as plasma NTproCNP was strongly correlated with linear growth during the first four weeks of postnatal life.

Jimmy Donkor, Lauren M. Sparks, Hui Xie, Steven R. Smith, and Karen Reue

Adipose Tissue Lipin-1 Expression Is Correlated with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gene Expression and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Young Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 233-239; first published October 9 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1535 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Files] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but the role of inter-individual variation in gene expression levels has not been well characterized. Lipin-1 mRNA levels in adipose tissue of healthy young subjects and in mice were correlated with insulin sensitivity, reduced fat cell size, and expression of fatty acid oxidation genes.

Veronica Qvisth, Eva Hagström-Toft, Staffan Enoksson, and Jan Bolinder

Catecholamine Regulation of Local Lactate Production in Vivo in Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue: Role of β-Adrenoreceptor Subtypes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 240-246; first published November 6 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1313 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Regulation of lactate production in skeletal muscle (SM) and adipose tissue (AT) has not been fully elucidated. This study shows that catecholamines stimulate lactate production in SM but not AT, with the {beta}2 -adrenoreceptor the most important receptor subtype involved in the former tissue's lactate production.

Jeannette Seeger, Michaela Ziegelmeier, Anette Bachmann, Ulrike Lössner, Jürgen Kratzsch, Matthias Blüher, Michael Stumvoll, and Mathias Fasshauer

Serum Levels of the Adipokine Vaspin in Relation to Metabolic and Renal Parameters
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 247-251; first published October 23 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1853 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of vaspin levels in healthy and diabetic men and women receiving chronic hemodialysis reveals this adipokine to be gender-based, with more of it being secreted by women than men. Additionally, vaspin was not found to be associated with markers of insulin resistance, thereby indicating it not to be a major insulin-sensitizing adipokine.

Ceyda Oner, Frederick Schatz, Gulnur Kizilay, William Murk, Lynn F. Buchwalder, Umit A. Kayisli, Aydin Arici, and Charles J. Lockwood

Progestin-Inflammatory Cytokine Interactions Affect Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and -3 Expression in Term Decidual Cells: Implications for Treatment of Chorioamnionitis-Induced Preterm Delivery
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 252-259; first published October 16 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1538 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The mechanisms that attribute chorioamnionitis (CAM) to preterm delivery (PTD) are not fully understood. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines found in CAM-complicated pregnancies stimulate production of matrix metalloproteinase which may promote PTD via fetal membrane and cervical extracellular matrix degradation. Inhibition of these proteins' main signaling pathways, via progestin and p38 MAPK, suggests an alternative mechanism to prevent CAM-induced PTD.

Yang Gu, David F. Lewis, and Yuping Wang

Placental Productions and Expressions of Soluble Endoglin, Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase Receptor-1, and Placental Growth Factor in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 260-266; first published October 23 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1550 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Preeclampsia is a maternal hypertensive disorder with unknown etiology. Under lowered oxygen condition, trophoblasts from preeclamptic placentas released more soluble anti-angiogenic factors endoglin (sEng) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (sFlt-1), but less angiogenic factor placental growth factor (PlGF). Glycosylated Eng and Flt-1 were detected in preeclamptic placentas.

Fernando Palos, María E. R. García-Rendueles, David Araujo-Vilar, Maria Jesús Obregon, Rosa Maria Calvo, Jose Cameselle-Teijeiro, Susana B. Bravo, Oscar Perez-Guerra, Lourdes Loidi, Barbara Czarnocka, Paula Alvarez, Samuel Refetoff, Lourdes Dominguez-Gerpe, Clara V. Alvarez, and Joaquin Lado-Abeal

Pendred Syndrome in Two Galician Families: Insights into Clinical Phenotypes through Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Studies
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 267-277; first published October 16 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0539 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The molecular pathogenesis remains mostly unknown for Pendred syndrome, which is characterized by congenital deafness and goiter. A novel mutation in the Pendred gene, c.416 -1G>A, has been found in an affected Galician family whose members were deaf, but did not have a goiter.

Libero Santarpia, Adel K. El-Naggar, Gilbert J. Cote, Jeffrey N. Myers, and Steven I. Sherman

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt and Ras/Raf-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Mutations in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 278-284; first published November 7 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1076 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The pathogenesis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is still unclear. This study details the roles the Ras/Raf-MAPK and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways play in this process. Specifically, BRAF mutations occur in the early stages of ATC whereas PIK3CA alterations occur in the disease's later stages.

Ori Nevo, Ariel Many, Jing Xu, John Kingdom, Ettore Piccoli, Stacy Zamudio, Martin Post, Alan Bocking, Tullia Todros, and Isabella Caniggia

Placental Expression of Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 is Increased in Singletons and Twin Pregnancies with Intrauterine Growth Restriction
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 285-292; first published October 23 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1042 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Fetal intrauterine growth restriction during pregnancy is common and poorly understood. High levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 were found in singleton and twin placentae from pregnancies with this condition, a finding that may help in its future diagnosis and treatment.

Bassem Refaat, Saad Amer, Bolarinde Ola, Neil Chapman, and William Ledger

The Expression of Activin-βA- and -βB-Subunits, Follistatin, and Activin Type II Receptors in Fallopian Tubes Bearing an Ectopic Pregnancy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 293-299; first published October 30 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1654 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Little is known about the mechanisms of ectopic pregnancy, a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study reveals that members of the TGF-{beta} superfamily may be involved, specifically activin-A, by possibly stimulating tubal decidualization and trophoblast invasion within the Fallopian tube.

Mark O. Goodarzi, Michelle R. Jones, Heath J. Antoine, Marita Pall, Yii-Der I. Chen, and Ricardo Azziz

BRIEF REPORT:Nonreplication of the Type 5 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Gene Association with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 300-303; first published October 16 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1712 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Polcystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility, yet the genetic factors that underlie this disorder remain unclear. This replicative study contradicts the original finding of an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the HSD17B5 gene region and the risk of PCOS.

Nicholette D. Palmer, Allison B. Lehtinen, Carl D. Langefeld, Joel K. Campbell, Steven M. Haffner, Jill M. Norris, Richard N. Bergman, Mark O. Goodarzi, Jerome I. Rotter, and Donald W. Bowden

BRIEF REPORT:Association of TCF7L2 Gene Polymorphisms with Reduced Acute Insulin Response in Hispanic Americans
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 304-309; first published October 30 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1225 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Genetic variation at the TCF7L2 gene, coding for a transcription factor associated with the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway, has been linked to type 2 diabetes, but the pathophysiological basis for this association remains unknown. This study of Hispanics and African Americans carrying this genetic mutation shows that impaired insulin secretion, but not sensitivity might be involved.

Yasushi Furukawa, Takeshi Shimada, Hiroto Furuta, Shohei Matsuno, Akiko Kusuyama, Asako Doi, Masahiro Nishi, Hideyuki Sasaki, Tokio Sanke, and Kishio Nanjo

BRIEF REPORT:Polymorphisms in the IDE-KIF11-HHEX Gene Locus Are Reproducibly Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in a Japanese Population
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 310-314; first published October 30 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1029 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
While obesity and physical inactivity are key factors in type 2 diabetes, numerous genes also play a role. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IDE-KIF11-HHEX gene area, previously identified in the French population were now found in the Japanese population, suggesting this region is commonly altered in the disease.

Announcements and Resources:

Erratum
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 81 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Erratum
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 153 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine-Related Resources from the National Institutes of Health
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 315-318 [Full Text] [PDF]  

National Hormone & Peptide Program (NHPP): New Recombinant Hormones, Hypothalamic Peptides, Natural Hormones, New Antisera, & Expanded Hormone Assay Services Available
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 319-321 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:

Charmian Quigley and Judith L. Ross

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:Turner Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Charmian Quigley and Judith L. Ross

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:El síndrome de Turner
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

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