The Endocrine Society:

Endocrinology & Metabolism News, April 2008
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 17a-20a [Full Text] [PDF]  

Special Features:

Frank Weber and Charis Eng

UPDATE:Update on the Molecular Diagnosis of Endocrine Tumors: Toward –omics-Based Personalized Healthcare?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1097-1104 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This review discusses the latest genetic and genomic advances in the molecular diagnosis of thyroid and adrenal tumors.

Kathryn A. Martin, R. Jeffrey Chang, David A. Ehrmann, Lourdes Ibanez, Rogerio A. Lobo, Robert L. Rosenfield, Jerry Shapiro, Victor M. Montori, and Brian A. Swiglo

CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE:Evaluation and Treatment of Hirsutism in Premenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1105-1120; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2437 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline describes the state-of-the-art in evaluation and treatment of hirsutism.

Simona Zerbi, Pio Ruggiero, and Luciano A. Pedrini

IMAGE IN ENDOCRINOLOGY:Massive Soft Tissue Calcifications and Cinacalcet
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1121-1122 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Maya B. Lodish, Anathea C. Powell, Mones Abu-Asab, Craig Cochran, Petra Lenz, Steven K. Libutti, James F. Pingpank, Maria Tsokos, and Phillip Gorden

CLINICAL CASE SEMINAR:Insulinoma and Gastrinoma Syndromes from a Single Intrapancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1123-1128; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2449 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A rare patient with both insulinoma and gastrinoma due to a single pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor shows that both syndromes can be caused by a single neoplasm.

C. A. Kim, Marc Delépine, Emilie Boutet, Haquima El Mourabit, Soazig Le Lay, Muriel Meier, Mona Nemani, Etienne Bridel, Claudia C. Leite, Debora R. Bertola, Robert K. Semple, Stephen O’Rahilly, Isabelle Dugail, Jacqueline Capeau, Mark Lathrop, and Jocelyne Magré

CLINICAL CASE SEMINAR:Association of a Homozygous Nonsense Caveolin-1 Mutation with Berardinelli-Seip Congenital Lipodystrophy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1129-1134; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1328 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data][Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study links caveolin-1 with Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy, emphasizing the critical role of this protein in human adipocyte function.

Mihaela Cosma, Brian A. Swiglo, David N. Flynn, David M. Kurtz, Matthew L. LaBella, Rebecca J. Mullan, Mohamed B. Elamin, Patricia J. Erwin, and Victor M. Montori

CLINICAL REVIEW:Insulin Sensitizers for the Treatment of Hirsutism: A Systematic Review and Metaanalyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1135-1142; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2429 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A meta-analysis examining the effect of insulin sensitizers on hirsutism suggests that these drugs provide little benefit when compared to placebo or to oral contraceptive agents and antiandrogens.

Su-Yen Goh and Mark E. Cooper

CLINICAL REVIEW:The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Progression and Complications of Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1143-1152; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1817 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This article describes the role of advanced glycated end-products and their receptors in the progression and complications of diabetes, and the available therapeutic options available to curb these effects.

Brian A. Swiglo, Mihaela Cosma, David N. Flynn, David M. Kurtz, Matthew L. LaBella, Rebecca J. Mullan, Patricia J. Erwin, and Victor M. Montori

CLINICAL REVIEW:Antiandrogens for the Treatment of Hirsutism: A Systematic Review and Metaanalyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1153-1160; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2430 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A meta-analysis evaluating the effect of antiandrogens on hirsutism finds these agents to be a modestly more effective treatment than metformin, although some of them have additional improvements when added to oral contraceptive agents or metformin regimens.

Irl B. Hirsch

COMMENTARY:Piecing the Puzzle Together: ACCORDing to Whom?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1161-1163; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0332 [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

Andrew F. Stewart

COMMENTARY:The United States Endocrinology Workforce: A Supply-Demand Mismatch
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1164-1166; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1920 [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

G. Brabant

COMMENTARY:Thyrotropin Suppressive Therapy in Thyroid Carcinoma: What Are the Targets?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1167-1169 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Editorials:

David S. Guzick

EDITORIAL:Do Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Result in More Cardiovascular Events?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1170-1171 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Irwin Klein and Sara Danzi

EDITORIAL:Thyroid Hormone Treatment to Mend a Broken Heart
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1172-1174 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Susan M. Ott

EDITORIAL:Reproductive Hormones and Skeletal Health in Young Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1175-1177 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Richard L. Prince and Kun Zhu

EDITORIAL:Whole-Body Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Comes of Age: Bone Structural Measures and Their Physiological Determinants in Anorexia Nervosa
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1178-1180 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Annamaria Colao and Gaetano Lombardi

EDITORIAL:Should We Still Use Glucose-Suppressed Growth Hormone Levels for the Evaluation of Acromegaly?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1181-1182 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Abhimanyu Garg and Anil K. Agarwal

EDITORIAL:Caveolin-1: A New Locus for Human Lipodystrophy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1183-1185 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine Care:

Katie Zhang, Staci Pollack, Ali Ghods, Carrie Dicken, Barbara Isaac, Goli Adel, Gohar Zeitlian, and Nanette Santoro

Onset of Ovulation after Menarche in Girls: A Longitudinal Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1186-1194; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1846 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of normal-weight perimenarcheal girls finds that mature hormone patterns are established within several months of and even prior to menarche, indicating that factors determining onset of menstrual bleeding in pubertal girls are not solely due to neuroendocrine axis maturation or ovarian hormone secretion.

Stéphanie Durand, Carole Ferraro-Peyret, Samia Selmi-Ruby, Christian Paulin, Michelle El Atifi, François Berger, Nicole Berger-Dutrieux, Myriam Decaussin, Jean-Louis Peix, Claire Bournaud, Jacques Orgiazzi, Françoise Borson-Chazot, and Bernard Rousset

Evaluation of Gene Expression Profiles in Thyroid Nodule Biopsy Material to Diagnose Thyroid Cancer
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1195-1202; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1571 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Distinction between some benign and malignant thyroid tumors can be improved by transcript analyses of marker genes in fine-needle aspiration biopsies.

Ursula Plöckinger, Susann Albrecht, Christian Mawrin, Wolfgang Saeger, Michael Buchfelder, Stephan Petersenn, and Stefan Schulz

Selective Loss of Somatostatin Receptor 2 in Octreotide-Resistant Growth Hormone-Secreting Adenomas
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1203-1210; first published January 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1986 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of patients with acromegaly treated with the somatostatin analog octreotide finds that nonresponders have a selective loss of somatostatin receptor 2A (ss2A), but retain their ss5 and ss1 receptors, making them possibly susceptible for pan-somatostatin analog treatment.

Stine Lyngvi Fougner, Jens Bollerslev, Fahim Latif, John K. Hald, Terje Lund, Jon Ramm-Pettersen, and Jens Petter Berg

Low Levels of Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein in Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas Correlate with Poor Response to Octreotide Treatment
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1211-1216; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2272 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In pituitary somatotroph adenomas, low levels of Raf kinase inhibitory protein are correlated with a poor clinical response to octreotide.

Sarah L. Booth, Gerard Dallal, M. Kyla Shea, Caren Gundberg, James W. Peterson, and Bess Dawson-Hughes

Effect of Vitamin K Supplementation on Bone Loss in Elderly Men and Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1217-1223; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2490 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Phylloquinone supplementation, in amounts attainable in the diet, does not confer any additional benefit on bone mineral density or bone turnover in healthy older men and women when taken with recommended amounts of vitamin D and calcium.

Thomas E. Hamilton, Scott Davis, Lynn Onstad, and Kenneth J. Kopecky

Thyrotropin Levels in a Population with No Clinical, Autoantibody, or Ultrasonographic Evidence of Thyroid Disease: Implications for the Diagnosis of Subclinical Hypothyroidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1224-1230; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2300 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This population study suggests that the upper limit of the TSH reference range should be lowered to a value of approximately 4.0.

Madhusmita Misra, Rajani Prabhakaran, Karen K. Miller, Mark A. Goldstein, Diane Mickley, Laura Clauss, Patrice Lockhart, Jennalee Cord, David B. Herzog, Debra K. Katzman, and Anne Klibanski

Weight Gain and Restoration of Menses as Predictors of Bone Mineral Density Change in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa-1
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1231-1237; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1434 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa who gain weight and recover menses have significant increases in lumbar bone mineral content, adjusted for bone area and whole body bone area adjusted for height, suggesting that even short-term weight gain can result in stabilization of bone mass density measures.

Harriette R. Mogul, Phillip D. K. Lee, Barbara Y. Whitman, William B. Zipf, Michael Frey, Susan Myers, Mindy Cahan, Belinda Pinyerd, and A. Louis Southren

Growth Hormone Treatment of Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome and Growth Hormone Deficiency Improves Lean Body Mass, Fractional Body Fat, and Serum Triiodothyronine without Glucose Impairment: Results from the United States Multicenter Trial
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1238-1245; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2212 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This multi-center study of a genetically diverse population of Prader-Willi Syndrome adults demonstrates that GH increases IGF-I, improves body composition, normalizes T3, and is well tolerated without glucose impairment.

Paul Bech, Virginia Winstanley, Kevin G. Murphy, Amir H. Sam, Karim Meeran, Mohammad A. Ghatei, and Stephen R. Bloom

Elevated Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Immunoreactivity in the Circulation of Patients with Neuroendocrine Malignancy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1246-1253; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1946 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript immunoreactivity may be a novel, specific marker for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors. Although this marker alone is not as sensitive as chromogranin A, when the two are combined, they are more sensitive than chromagranins A and B, especially for pancreatic tumors.

Ayman M. Arafat, Matthias Möhlig, Martin O. Weickert, Frank H. Perschel, Johannes Purschwitz, Joachim Spranger, Christian J. Strasburger, Christof Schöfl, and Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer

Growth Hormone Response during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: The Impact of Assay Method on the Estimation of Reference Values in Patients with Acromegaly and in Healthy Controls, and the Role of Gender, Age, and Body Mass Index
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1254-1262; first published January 2 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2084 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The various oral glucose tolerance tests used in diagnosing acromegaly differ in sensitivity to GH measurements, with the Immulite 2000 yielding results 2.3-fold higher than the Nichols assay and 6-fold higher than the DSL assay. Furthermore, basal and nadir GH levels are age-, body mass index-, and gender specific, requiring individualized cut-offs limits for each assay.

Anastasia Tsigkou, Stefania Marzotti, Lavinia Borges, Annalisa Brozzetti, Fernando Reis, Paola Candeloro, Maria Luisa Bacosi, Vittorio Bini, Felice Petraglia, and Alberto Falorni

High Serum Inhibin Concentration Discriminates Autoimmune Oophoritis from Other Forms of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1263-1269; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1675 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study shows that total inhibin and inhibin B serum levels are significantly increased among women with autoimmune oophoritis compared to women with idiopathic primary ovarian insufficiency, natural menopause, or eumenorrhea, demonstrating that viable granulosa cells are present in these patients for several years after diagnosis.

William B. Norbury, David N. Herndon, Ludwik K. Branski, David L. Chinkes, and Marc G. Jeschke

Urinary Cortisol and Catecholamine Excretion after Burn Injury in Children
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1270-1275; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2158 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In pediatric patients with severe burns greater than 40% of their total body surface, early and persistent hypercortisolemia is associated with increased infection rates and duration of severe infection, respectively.

Leslee J. Shaw, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Ricardo Azziz, Frank Z. Stanczyk, George Sopko, Glenn D. Braunstein, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Kevin E. Kip, Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff, B. Delia Johnson, Viola Vaccarino, Steven E. Reis, Vera Bittner, T. Keta Hodgson, William Rogers, and Carl J. Pepine

Postmenopausal Women with a History of Irregular Menses and Elevated Androgen Measurements at High Risk for Worsening Cardiovascular Event-Free Survival: Results from the National Institutes of Health—National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1276-1284; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0425 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Postmenopausal women with polycystic ovarian syndrome have a 3.3 fold higher risk of cardiovascular death or myocardial ischemia, implying that identifying the condition in postmenopausal women provides an opportunity to reduce risk of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events.

Catherine W. Yeckel, James Dziura, and Loretta DiPietro

Abdominal Obesity in Older Women: Potential Role for Disrupted Fatty Acid Reesterification in Insulin Resistance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1285-1291; first published January 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1875 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In older women with abdominal obesity, insulin stimulation of fatty acid reesterification is linked to perturbed glucose metabolism in multiple tissues, emphasizing the importance of preventing excess abdominal fat accumulation with age.

Madhusmita Misra, Rajani Prabhakaran, Karen K. Miller, Mark A. Goldstein, Diane Mickley, Laura Clauss, Patrice Lockhart, Jennalee Cord, David B. Herzog, Debra K. Katzman, and Anne Klibanski

Prognostic Indicators of Changes in Bone Density Measures in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa-II
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1292-1297; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2419 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In adolescents with anorexia nervosa, high baseline ghrelin and peptide YY and low levels of bone turnover markers and cortisol indicate a poor prognosis for subsequent increases in bone mineral density.

Anne Z. Steiner, Lilly Chang, Qing Ji, Murad Ookhtens, Andrew Stolz, Richard J. Paulson, and Frank Z. Stanczyk

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type III Deficiency: A Novel Mechanism for Hirsutism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1298-1303; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2708 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In hirsute women, a seven-fold reduction in expression of the 3{alpha}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene, AKR1C2, is seen, resulting in decreased metabolism and higher serum levels of dihydroxytestosterone.

Saila Lappalainen, Pauliina Utriainen, Tiina Kuulasmaa, Raimo Voutilainen, and Jarmo Jääskeläinen

Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism and X-Chromosome Inactivation in Children with Premature Adrenarche
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1304-1309; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2707 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study among Finnish children with premature adrenarche finds that lean, affected children had significantly shorter CAG repeats in their androgen receptor gene than those with higher body mass index (BMI) or healthy children with the same BMI. Thus, in the pathogenesis of premature adrenarche, androgen receptor gene polymorphisms may be important in lean children while hyperinsulinism contributes to the syndrome's development in overweight children.

Marlies E. Kevenaar, Joop S. E. Laven, Sharon Lie Fong, André G. Uitterlinden, Frank H. de Jong, Axel P. N. Themmen, and Jenny A. Visser

A Functional Anti-Müllerian Hormone Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Follicle Number and Androgen Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1310-1316; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2205 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Genetic variants in the anti-Mu" llerian hormone (AMH) and its type II receptor genes do not influence susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome, but the functional AMH Ile49Ser polymorphism contributes to the severity of its phenotype. Patients carrying the AMH49Ser allele less often have polycystic ovaries with fewer cystic follicles and lower androgen levels than noncarriers.

Jennifer S. Walsh, Richard Eastell, and Nicola F. A. Peel

Effects of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Bone Density and Bone Metabolism before and after Peak Bone Mass: A Case-Control Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1317-1323; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2201 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use in women under 20 is associated with lower bone mass density at the spine and hip.

Orsalia Alexopoulou, Marie Bex, Roger Abs, Guy T’Sjoen, Brigitte Velkeniers, and Dominique Maiter

Divergence between Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentrations in the Follow-Up of Acromegaly
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1324-1330; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2104 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A subset of Belgian patients with uncured acromegaly display discordant GH and IGF-I levels. Those with high GH tend to be younger, estrogen-sufficient women, implying a possible role for age, gender, and estrogens for this phenotype. Patients with higher IGF-I also display a worse metabolic profile, suggesting that high IGF-I, rather than high GH, is a better indicator of persistently active disease.

Richard M. Martin, David Gunnell, Elise Whitley, Andrew Nicolaides, Maura Griffin, Niki Georgiou, George Davey Smith, Shah Ebrahim, and Jeff M. P. Holly

Associations of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, IGF Binding Protein (IGFBP)-2 and IGFBP-3 with Ultrasound Measures of Atherosclerosis and Plaque Stability in an Older Adult Population
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1331-1338; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2295 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In older adults, high IGF-I and low IGFBP3 levels, but not IGF-II or IGFBP2, may play a role in arterial plaque stability. Thus, IGF-I and IGFBP3 might be useful as markers of cardiovascular disease risk.

Christian Benedict, Werner Kern, Bernd Schultes, Jan Born, and Manfred Hallschmid

Differential Sensitivity of Men and Women to Anorexigenic and Memory-Improving Effects of Intranasal Insulin
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1339-1344; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2606 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Intranasal insulin administration to healthy men and women results in men being more sensitive to the anorexigenic effect of brain insulin signaling and women having a greater increase in hippocampal-memory functions. Gender must be taken into consideration for intranasal insulin to be considered as a therapeutic agent to treat obesity and Alzheimer's disease.

Katherine Esposito, Miryam Ciotola, Diego Carleo, Bruno Schisano, Luigi Sardelli, Domenico Di Tommaso, Lucio Misso, Franco Saccomanno, Antonio Ceriello, and Dario Giugliano

Post-Meal Glucose Peaks at Home Associate with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1345-1350; first published January 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2000 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A one-hour postprandial glucose reading may be sufficient to determine the glucose peak in type 2 diabetes patients, as an incremental glucose peak greater than 50 mg/dL occurs in the majority of these patients. The one-hour postprandial glucose height is also associated with a rise in carotid intima-media thickness.

Alessandro Pingitore, Elena Galli, Andrea Barison, Annalisa Iervasi, Maria Scarlattini, Daniele Nucci, Antonio L’Abbate, Rita Mariotti, and Giorgio Iervasi

Acute Effects of Triiodothyronine (T₃) Replacement Therapy in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Low-T₃ Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1351-1358; first published January 2 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2210 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Short-term synthetic L-T3 replacement therapy significantly improves the neuroendocrine profile and ventricular performance of patients with low-T3 syndrome and ischemic or non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Plasma noradrenaline, N-terminal pro-B-Type natriuretic peptide, and aldosterone markedly decrease and left-ventricular end-diastolic volume and stroke volume increase after L-T3 administration.

Richard Nissel, Anders Lindberg, Otto Mehls, Dieter Haffner on behalf of the Pfizer International Growth Database (KIGS) International Board

Factors Predicting the Near-Final Height in Growth Hormone-Treated Children and Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1359-1365; first published January 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2302 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Long-term GH therapy in prepubertal and pubertal patients suffering from chronic kidney disease results in increased mean adult height standard deviation scores of 1.2 and 1.6 in boys and girls, respectively, with 40% reaching normal adult height. The response, however, is diminished in patients on dialysis and/or severely delayed puberty.

Paolo Mulatero, Chiara Bertello, Denis Rossato, Giulio Mengozzi, Alberto Milan, Corrado Garrone, Giuseppe Giraudo, Giorgio Passarino, Domenica Garabello, Andrea Verhovez, Franco Rabbia, and Franco Veglio

Roles of Clinical Criteria, Computed Tomography Scan, and Adrenal Vein Sampling in Differential Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism Subtypes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1366-1371; first published January 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2055 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study confirms adrenal vein sampling as the best method for differential diagnosis of primary aldosteronism subtypes since computed tomography, postural testing, and clinical criteria could not as accurately distinguish between aldosterone-producing adenomas and bilateral adrenal hyperplasias.

Marc J. Weigensberg, Claudia M. Toledo-Corral, and Michael I. Goran

Association between the Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Cortisol in Overweight Latino Youth
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1372-1378; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2309 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of overweight Latino youth links metabolic syndrome with higher morning serum cortisol levels, independent of body fat, insulin sensitivity, age, and gender. Cortisol levels were related to blood pressure and fasting glucose, but not waist circumference, levels of triglycerides, or high density lipoprotein.

Guolian Li, Juan-Pablo del Rincon, Linda A. Jahn, Yangsong Wu, Bruce Gaylinn, Michael O. Thorner, and Zhenqi Liu

Growth Hormone Exerts Acute Vascular Effects Independent of Systemic or Muscle Insulin-like Growth Factor I
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1379-1385; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2021 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A biopsy study of the vastus lateralis muscle in 10 lean, young volunteers given a 6-hour GH infusion demonstrates an acute vascular effect independent of both systematic and local IGF-I production. This effect is likely due to the direct action on GH receptors and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the vascular endothelium.

Polyzois Makras, Neveen A. T. Hamdy, Sarina G. Kant, and Socrates E. Papapoulos

BRIEF REPORT:Normal Growth and Muscle Dysfunction in X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets Associated with a Novel Mutation in the PHEX Gene
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1386-1389; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1296 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A novel mutation of the PHEX gene in three family members with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets is associated with normal growth and reversible proximal myopathy.

Kerstin Krause, Markus Eszlinger, Oliver Gimm, Stefan Karger, Cornelia Engelhardt, Henning Dralle, and Dagmar Fuhrer

BRIEF REPORT:TFF3-Based Candidate Gene Discrimination of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumors in a Region with Borderline Iodine Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1390-1393; first published January 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1255 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A six-gene marker set for thyroid tumorigenesis (TFF3/PLAB/TG/ADM3/HGD1/LGALS3) correctly predicts with 94% accuracy the distinction between benign and malignant thyroid tumors.

Jeff G. Wang and Rogerio A. Lobo

BRIEF REPORT:The Complex Relationship between Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1394-1397; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1716 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
During controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, women with hypothalamic amenorrhea and polycystic ovarian morphology fluctuate between these two symptoms depending on their hypothalamic activity, thus challenging the Rotterdam criteria that these two conditions are mutually exclusive.

Brya G. Matthews, Muhammad A. Afzal, Philip D. Minor, Usha Bava, Karen E. Callon, Rocco P. Pitto, Tim Cundy, Jill Cornish, Ian R. Reid, and Dorit Naot

BRIEF REPORT:Failure to Detect Measles Virus Ribonucleic Acid in Bone Cells from Patients with Paget’s Disease
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1398-1401; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1978 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Analysis of bone samples from patients with Paget's disease does not support the hypothesis that the measles virus plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Gerhard Binder, Ann-Kathrin Seidel, David D. Martin, Roland Schweizer, C. Philipp Schwarze, Hartmut A. Wollmann, Thomas Eggermann, and Michael B. Ranke

BRIEF REPORT:The Endocrine Phenotype in Silver-Russell Syndrome Is Defined by the Underlying Epigenetic Alteration
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1402-1407; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1897 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
With GH stimulation, children with Silver-Russell syndrome and an 11p15 epimutation have excess IGFBP3, insensitivity to IGF-I, and less height gain than children with uniparental disomy of chromosome 7, suggesting that divergent endocrine mechanisms occur for these two Silver-Russell syndrome genotypes.

Andreas Mueller, Louis J. Gooren, Susanne Naton-Schötz, Susanne Cupisti, Matthias W. Beckmann, and Ralf Dittrich

BRIEF REPORT:Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hyperandrogenemia in Female-to-Male Transsexuals
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1408-1411; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2808 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In this study, polycystic ovary syndrome was not significantly more common in female-to-male transsexuals, although they more frequently had biochemical hyperandrogenism.

Diego Ferone, Wouter W. de Herder, Rosario Pivonello, Johan M. Kros, Peter M. van Koetsveld, Ton de Jong, Francesco Minuto, Annamaria Colao, Steven W. J. Lamberts, and Leo J. Hofland

BRIEF REPORT:Correlation of in Vitro and in Vivo Somatotropic Adenoma Responsiveness to Somatostatin Analogs and Dopamine Agonists with Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Somatostatin and Dopamine Receptors and Electron Microscopy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1412-1417; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1358 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Somatostatin receptor subtype 2A and dopamine receptor are frequently co-expressed in pituitary adenomas. Immunocytochemistry characterizing these two receptors may aid in the selection of proper postoperative treatment for patients with acromegaly.

Endocrine Research:

Maik Welzel, Nele Wüstemann, Gunter Simic-Schleicher, Helmuth G. Dörr, Egbert Schulze, Guftar Shaikh, Peter Clayton, Joachim Grötzinger, Paul-Martin Holterhus, and Felix G. Riepe

Carboxyl-Terminal Mutations in 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type II Cause Severe Salt-Wasting Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1418-1425; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1874 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Examination of three novel homozygous mutations in the 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3{beta}-HSD) type 2 gene, HSD3B2, in patients with severe salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia reveals that integrity of the c-terminal portion of the 3{beta}-HSD protein is crucial for enzyme activity.

Alexander Maret, Changlin Ding, Sara Levine Kornfield, and Michael A. Levine

Analysis of the GCM2 Gene in Isolated Hypoparathyroidism: A Molecular and Biochemical Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1426-1432; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1783 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of the glial cells missing B gene (GCM2) in a large series of patients with familial or sporadic isolated hypoparathyroidism reveals nine single nucleotide polymorphisms, suggesting that variant alleles may have a role in determining parathyroid function.

Jean Bastin, Flore Aubey, Agnès Rötig, Arnold Munnich, and Fatima Djouadi

Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Pathway Stimulates the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain and Can Correct Deficiencies in Patients’ Cells Lacking Its Components
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1433-1441; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1701 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study reveals that bezafibrate, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor agonist, increases the enzymatic activity of fibroblasts and myoblasts in patients with moderate mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders.

Tobias Else, Thomas J. Giordano, and Gary D. Hammer

Evaluation of Telomere Length Maintenance Mechanisms in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1442-1449; first published January 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1840 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Telomerase dependent and alternative telomere maintenance mechanisms are active in adrenocortical cancers, but not in benign adrenal tumors, potentially offering an approach to differential diagnosis of benign and malignant adrenal tumors and a new therapeutic target.

Gail Musen, Donald C. Simonson, Nicolas R. Bolo, Amy Driscoll, Katie Weinger, Annaswamy Raji, Jean Théberge, Perry F. Renshaw, and Alan M. Jacobson

Regional Brain Activation during Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1450-1457; first published January 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, hypothalamic activation is detected during declining blood glucose in both type 1 diabetic patients and non-diabetic controls at glucose levels similar to those required to trigger counterregulatory hormone release.

Chantal Lotton, Danielle Rodrigue, Caroline Elie, Anya Rothenbühler, Najiba Lahlou, Catherine Le Stunff, and Pierre Bougnères

Akt Phosphorylation in Lymphocytes Provides an Index of in Vitro Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Sensitivity Associated with Growth Hormone-Induced Growth
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1458-1463; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2575 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In vitro IGF-I stimulation of lymphocytes obtained from 50 children with short stature showed various levels of increased protein kinase B phosphorylation, indicating that these cells could provide a model for evaluating IGF-I and GH treatment efficacy.

K. Allvin, C. Ankarberg-Lindgren, H. Fors, and J. Dahlgren

Elevated Serum Levels of Estradiol, Dihydrotestosterone, and Inhibin B in Adult Males Born Small for Gestational Age
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1464-1469; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1743 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of males born small for gestational age but with normal stature shows they have higher 17{beta}-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, and inhibin B levels, indicating that fetal growth restriction can lead to sustained disturbances in steroid biosynthesis.

Gowsini Joseph, Lise Tarnow, Anne Sofie Astrup, Troels Krarup Hansen, Hans-Henrik Parving, Allan Flyvbjerg, and Jan Frystyk

Plasma -Defensin Is Associated with Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1470-1475; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1910 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In patients with type 1 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, higher plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory and pro-artherogenic peptide {alpha}-defensin is seen, suggesting this protein may be a risk marker for future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Isabella Viani, Alessandra Vottero, Francesco Tassi, Giulia Cremonini, Chiara Sartori, Sergio Bernasconi, Bruno Ferrari, and Lucia Ghizzoni

Ghrelin Inhibits Steroid Biosynthesis by Cultured Granulosa-Lutein Cells
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1476-1481; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2063 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In cultured human granulosa-lutein cells, ghrelin appears to inhibit estrogen and progesterone synthesis through the GH secretagogue 1a receptor, suggesting a possible role for the hormone in the control of gonadal function.

Erdembileg Anuurad, Jill Rubin, Alan Chiem, Russell P. Tracy, Thomas A. Pearson, and Lars Berglund

High Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers Are Associated with Increased Allele-Specific Apolipoprotein(a) Levels in African-Americans
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1482-1488; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2416 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Increased C-reactive protein or fibrinogen is associated with higher allele-specific medium-sized apolipoprotein (a) levels in African-Americans than Caucasians, possibly explaining the ethnic differences in lipoprotein (a) levels between these two groups.

Jacqueline M. Dekker, Tohru Funahashi, Giel Nijpels, Stefan Pilz, Coen D. A. Stehouwer, Marieke B. Snijder, Lex M. Bouter, Yuji Matsuzawa, Iichiro Shimomura, and Robert J. Heine

Prognostic Value of Adiponectin for Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1489-1496; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1436 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In a Dutch population, a higher plasma adiponectin level is associated with favorable features of lipid and glucose metabolism, and with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events in women. At the same time, however, adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, especially in people with a history of cardiovascular disease.

Claus Thamer, Jürgen Machann, Norbert Stefan, Silke A. Schäfer, Fausto Machicao, Harald Staiger, Markku Laakso, Michael Böttcher, Claus Claussen, Fritz Schick, Andreas Fritsche, and Hans-Ulrich Haring

BRIEF REPORT:Variations in PPARD Determine the Change in Body Composition during Lifestyle Intervention: A Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1497-1500; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1209 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor {delta} gene (rs1053049, rs6902123, and rs2267668) negatively affect lifestyle intervention-induced changes in overall adiposity, hepatic fat storage, and relative muscle mass, suggesting that these individuals benefit less from exercise and weight loss and have a greater propensity to develop insulin resistance.

Abel López-Bermejo, Clive J. Petry, Marta Díaz, Giorgia Sebastiani, Francis de Zegher, David B. Dunger, and Lourdes Ibáñez

BRIEF REPORT:The Association between the FTO Gene and Fat Mass in Humans Develops by the Postnatal Age of Two Weeks
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1501-1505; first published February 5 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2343 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In neonates, the rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism in the fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is associated with serum visfatin and both total fat mass and abdominal fat as early as at 2 weeks of age, which may have an impact on the early stages of fat mass accretion in humans.

Announcements and Resources:

Erratum
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1506 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine-Related Resources from the National Institutes of Health
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1507-1510 [Full Text] [PDF]  

National Hormone & Peptide Program (NHPP): New Recombinant Hormones, Hypothalamic Peptides, Natural Hormones, New Antisera, & Expanded Hormone Assay Services Available
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1511-1513 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:

Jeffrey Chang, Kathryn A. Martin, and Robert A. Vigersky

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:The Hormone Foundation’s Patient Guide to the Evaluation and Treatment of Hirsutism in Premenopausal Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

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