The Endocrine Society:

Endocrinology & Metabolism News
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 17a-20a [Full Text] [PDF]  

Special Features:

Robert L. Barbieri

UPDATE:Update in Female Reproduction: A Life-Cycle Approach
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2439-2446 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This review discusses the latest genetic and endocrinological advances in female reproduction.

Christopher D. Saudek, William H. Herman, David B. Sacks, Richard M. Bergenstal, David Edelman, and Mayer B. Davidson

CONSENSUS STATEMENT:A New Look at Screening and Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2447-2453; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2174 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A multi-national, community-based study of 3,200 men aged 40-79 years reveals multiple dysregulations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis showing specific and independent associations with health status (obesity, co-morbidity), lifestyle factors (smoking), and chronological age. These results imply that the testosterone decline during men's mid-life transition is at least partly preventable and may not be inevitable.

B. M. K. Biller, A. B. Grossman, P. M. Stewart, S. Melmed, X. Bertagna, J. Bertherat, M. Buchfelder, A. Colao, A. R. Hermus, L. J. Hofland, A. Klibanski, A. Lacroix, J. R. Lindsay, J. Newell-Price, L. K. Nieman, S. Petersenn, N. Sonino, G. K. Stalla, B. Swearingen, M. L. Vance, J. A. H. Wass, and M. Boscaro

CONSENSUS STATEMENT:Treatment of Adrenocorticotropin-Dependent Cushing’s Syndrome: A Consensus Statement
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2454-2462; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2734 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline offers advice on diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.

Bess Dawson-Hughes on behalf of the National Osteoporosis Foundation Guide Committee

COMMENTARY:A Revised Clinician’s Guide to the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2463-2465; first published June 10 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0926 [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

Editorials:

Elizabeth N. Pearce

EDITORIAL:Iodine in Pregnancy: Is Salt Iodization Enough?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2466-2468 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Larry D. Bowers

EDITORIAL:Testosterone Doping: Dealing with Genetic Differences in Metabolism and Excretion
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2469-2471 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Peter W. F. Wilson and Guillermo E. Umpierrez

EDITORIAL:Insulin Resistance and Pubertal Changes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2472-2473 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Peter Y. Liu and Robert I. McLachlan

EDITORIAL:Male Hormonal Contraception: So Near and Yet So Far
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2474-2476 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Peter J. Snyder

EDITORIAL:Decreasing Testosterone with Increasing Age: More Factors, More Questions
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2477-2478 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine Care:

Blandine Laferrère, Julio Teixeira, James McGinty, Hao Tran, Joseph R. Egger, Antonia Colarusso, Betty Kovack, Baani Bawa, Ninan Koshy, Hongchan Lee, Kimberly Yapp, and Blanca Olivan

Effect of Weight Loss by Gastric Bypass Surgery Versus Hypocaloric Diet on Glucose and Incretin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2479-2485; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2851 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A comparative study of matched weight loss by gastric bypass surgery or diet in morbid obese patients with type 2 diabetes suggests that the mechanisms of diabetes resolution after gastric bypass surgery, in concert with weight loss, may be the marked increases in incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory peptide levels and their effects on insulin secretion.

Mariacarolina Salerno, Ugo Oliviero, Teresa Lettiero, Vincenzo Guardasole, Dario Maria Mattiacci, Lavinia Saldamarco, Donatella Capalbo, Antonio Lucariello, Luigi Saccà, and Antonio Cittadini

Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of Levothyroxine Therapy in Young Adults with Congenital Hypothyroidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2486-2491; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2315 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In young adults with congenital hypothyroidism, long-term levothyroxine treatment is associated with evidence of impaired diastolic function and exercise capacity, and increased intima-media thickness.

Alfredo Leaños-Miranda, Janeth Márquez-Acosta, Guadalupe María Cárdenas-Mondragón, Zarela Lizbeth Chinolla-Arellano, Roxana Rivera-Leaños, Sara Bermejo-Huerta, Juan Fernando Romero-Arauz, Guadalupe Alvarez-Jiménez, Julio César Ramos-León, and Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre

Urinary Prolactin as a Reliable Marker for Preeclampsia, Its Severity, and the Occurrence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2492-2499; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0305 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Urinary prolactin levels are higher in pregnant women with preeclampsia, representing a potential new marker of the condition.

Jenny Jakobsson Schulze, Jonas Lundmark, Mats Garle, Ilona Skilving, Lena Ekström, and Anders Rane

Doping Test Results Dependent on Genotype of Uridine Diphospho-Glucuronosyl Transferase 2B17, the Major Enzyme for Testosterone Glucuronidation
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2500-2506; first published March 11 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0218 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Higher fat deposition, not higher insulin or estrogen levels, is associated with the earlier age of menarche seen in African American girls over European girls.

Andrea L. Utz, Ami Yamamoto, Linda Hemphill, and Karen K. Miller

Growth Hormone Deficiency by Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone-Arginine Testing Criteria Predicts Increased Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Normal Young Overweight and Obese Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2507-2514; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0169 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Healthy, young, overweight, and obese women, who would be classified as GH-deficient based on standard criteria used in hypopituitarism, have abnormal cardiovascular risk marker levels, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and high-density lipoproteins, even after controlling for age and body mass index, waist circumference, or trunk fat. There may be a relative GH deficiency syndrome in overweight and obese women without organic pituitary or hypothalamic disease that confers increased cardiovascular risk, independent of weight.

M. P. Brugts, A. W. van den Beld, L. J. Hofland, K. van der Wansem, P. M. van Koetsveld, J. Frystyk, S. W. J. Lamberts, and J. A. M. J. L. Janssen

Low Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Bioactivity in Elderly Men Is Associated with Increased Mortality
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2515-2522; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1633 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In healthy elderly men aged 73-94 years, relatively high circulating IGF-I bioactivity is associated with extended survival and reduced cardiovascular risk.

José-Manuel Fernández-Real, Abel López-Bermejo, Ana-Belén Ropero, Sandra Piquer, Angel Nadal, Judit Bassols, Roser Casamitjana, Ramón Gomis, Eva Arnaiz, Iñaki Pérez, and Wifredo Ricart

Salicylates Increase Insulin Secretion in Healthy Obese Subjects
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2523-2530; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1212 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In healthy, obese subjects, the administration of the salicylate triflusal decreases fasting serum glucose concentration and increases dose-dependently insulin secretion. These effects on insulin secretion are confirmed in vitro in mice and human islets of Langerhans. The improved metabolic profile may be mediated through increased insulin secretion induced by the salicylate acting directly on beta cells.

Lise-Lott Norrman, Gudmundur Johannsson, Katharina S. Sunnerhagen, and Johan Svensson

Baseline Characteristics and the Effects of Two Years of Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Therapy in Adults with GH Deficiency Previously Treated for Acromegaly
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2531-2538; first published April 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2673 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
GH-deficient (GHD) adult patients previously treated for acromegaly have an impaired cardiovascular risk profile and decreased local muscle endurance compared to GHD patients with previous non-functioning pituitary tumors. Two-year GH replacement eliminates these differences, but vascular events occur more frequently in GHD patients with previous acromegaly.

Michael P. Brugts, Michael B. Ranke, Leo J. Hofland, Katy van der Wansem, Karin Weber, Jan Frystyk, Steven W. J. Lamberts, and Joseph A. M. J. L. Janssen

Normal Values of Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Bioactivity in the Healthy Population: Comparison with Five Widely Used IGF-I Immunoassays
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2539-2545; first published April 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2454 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study reports age-specific normative ranges of circulating IGF-I bioactivity in healthy individuals, aged 18-79 years, by the IGF-I specific kinase receptor activation assay, which will help in further determining whether this method is clinically more relevant than IGF-I immunoassays.

Marco Losa, Lorenzo Gioia, Piero Picozzi, Alberto Franzin, Micol Valle, Massimo Giovanelli, and Pietro Mortini

The Role of Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Patients with Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2546-2552; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0135 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
After maximal surgical debulking of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, stereotactic radiotherapy causes a progressive decline of GH and IGF-I levels. Five years following treatment, 50% of 83 acromegalic patients reach a normal IGF-I level in the absence of concomitant GH-suppressive drugs.

Jochem van den Berg, Ellen M. N. Bannink, Piotr A. Wielopolski, Wim C. J. Hop, Lennie van Osch-Gevers, Peter M. T. Pattynama, Sabine M. P. F. de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, and Willem A. Helbing

Cardiac Status after Childhood Growth Hormone Treatment of Turner Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2553-2558; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2313 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Turner syndrome treated with high-dose GH during childhood reveals no myocardial hypertrophy and well-preserved biventricular function, further supporting the safety of GH treatment in this population. The smaller ventricular volumes and higher resting heart rate seen may be a natural part of development in Turner syndrome.

Yifei Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Dajin Zou, Wei Liu, Jialin Yang, Na Zhu, Li Huo, Miao Wang, Jie Hong, Peihong Wu, Guoguang Ren, and Guang Ning

Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia with the Natural Plant Alkaloid Berberine
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2559-2565; first published April 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2404 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This clinical study evaluates the efficacy and side effects of berberine in treatment of type 2 diabetes with dyslipidemia. The results demonstrate that berberine displays a potential anti-hyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effect in these patients.

Gian Paolo Rossi, Anna Belfiore, Giampaolo Bernini, Bruno Fabris, Graziella Caridi, Claudio Ferri, Gilberta Giacchetti, Claudio Letizia, Mauro Maccario, Massimo Mannelli, Gaetana Palumbo, Anna Patalano, Damiano Rizzoni, Ermanno Rossi, Achille C. Pessina, Franco Mantero the Primary Aldosteronism Prevalence in hYpertension Study Investigators

Body Mass Index Predicts Plasma Aldosterone Concentrations in Overweight-Obese Primary Hypertensive Patients
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2566-2571; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0251 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In hypertensive patients, there is significant correlation of body mass index with plasma aldosterone concentration, with even tighter correlation in those who were overweight or obese. However, this relationship did not affect the accuracy of the aldosterone/renin ratio for discriminating primary aldosteronism from essential hypertension.

Ellen Mommers, Wendy M. Kersemaekers, Jörg Elliesen, Marc Kepers, Dan Apter, Hermann M. Behre, Jennifer Beynon, Pierre M. Bouloux, Antonietta Costantino, Hans-Peter Gerbershagen, Lars Grønlund, Doris Heger-Mahn, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Evert L. Koldewijn, Corinna Lange, Svend Lindenberg, M. Cristina Meriggiola, Eric Meuleman, Peter F. A. Mulders, Eberhard Nieschlag, Antti Perheentupa, Andrew Solomon, Leena Väisälä, Frederick C. Wu, and Michael Zitzmann

Male Hormonal Contraception: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2572-2580; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0265 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The combination of an etonogestrel implant combined with testosterone undecanoate injections in healthy young men, ages 18-45, provide fairly effective and reversible suppression of spermatogenesis.

Kurt A. Mossberg, Brent E. Masel, Charles R. Gilkison, and Randall J. Urban

Aerobic Capacity and Growth Hormone Deficiency after Traumatic Brain Injury
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2581-2587; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0368 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Patients with traumatic brain injury and GH deficiency have peak aerobic capacities that are only 50-60% of predicted values. Furthermore, those found to have a maximum GH response to glucagon stimulation of 3-8 ng/mL performed at the same low levels as those who had GH responses less than 3 ng/mL.

M. Guftar Shaikh, Richard G. Grundy, and Jeremy M. W. Kirk

Reductions in Basal Metabolic Rate and Physical Activity Contribute to Hypothalamic Obesity
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2588-2593; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2672 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of patients with hypothalamic obesity following cranial tumor therapy demonstrates reductions in basal metabolic rate and physical activity, as measured by indirect calorimetry and accelerometry respectively, with no differences in calorie intake. This suggests energy expenditure has a greater role in the development of this severe form of obesity.

Thierry Chevalley, Jean-Philippe Bonjour, Serge Ferrari, and Rene Rizzoli

Influence of Age at Menarche on Forearm Bone Microstructure in Healthy Young Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2594-2601; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2644 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In healthy young adult women, a 2-year later mean menarche age is associated with lower radial areal bone mineral density T-score and lower cortical thickness without reduced cross-sectional area, a finding compatible with less endocortical accrual. This may explain how late menarche is a risk factor for forearm osteoporosis.

Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Thuy-Tien Dam, Katie Stone, Stephanie Litwack Harrison, Susan Redline, Eric Orwoll for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Group

The Association of Testosterone Levels with Overall Sleep Quality, Sleep Architecture, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2602-2609; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2622 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A cohort study of community-dwelling men aged 65 shows that men with lower testosterone levels had lower sleep efficiency, increased nocturnal awakenings, less time in slow-wave sleep, a higher apnea-hypopnea index, and more sleep time with O2 saturation levels below 90%. Low testosterone levels were associated with being overweight, and all associations were attenuated or absent after adjusting for body mass index or waist circumference.

Krista Casazza, Michael I. Goran, and Barbara A. Gower

Associations among Insulin, Estrogen, and Fat Mass Gain over the Pubertal Transition in African-American and European-American Girls
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2610-2615; first published March 18 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2776 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A polymorphism in the gene for the testosterone glucuronidation enzyme (UGT2B17) indicates the specificity and sensitivity of the testosterone doping test, such that 40% of the subjects without both alleles never reached the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone cut off ratio of 4.0.

Mariacarla Moleti, Vincenzo Pio Lo Presti, Maria Cristina Campolo, Filiberto Mattina, Marina Galletti, Mattia Mandolfino, Maria Antonia Violi, Grazia Giorgianni, Demetrio De Domenico, Francesco Trimarchi, and Francesco Vermiglio

Iodine Prophylaxis Using Iodized Salt and Risk of Maternal Thyroid Failure in Conditions of Mild Iodine Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2616-2621; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0352 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Mild iodine deficiency is associated with the risk of transient maternal thyroid failure. This risk is significantly reduced by the prolonged (greater than 2 yrs) and regular use of iodized salt. Conversely, starting iodized salt consumption upon becoming pregnant does not prevent maternal thyroid failure.

Kaisa K. Ivaska, Janaka Lenora, Paul Gerdhem, Kristina Åkesson, H. Kalervo Väänänen, and Karl J. Obrant

Serial Assessment of Serum Bone Metabolism Markers Identifies Women with the Highest Rate of Bone Loss and Osteoporosis Risk
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2622-2632; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1508 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This population-based study of 1,044 elderly women demonstrates that serial assessment of serum bone turnover markers improves the identification of women with the highest rate of bone loss and osteoporosis risk.

G. Nijpels, W. Boorsma, J. M. Dekker, F. Hoeksema, P. J. Kostense, L. M. Bouter, and R. J. Heine

Absence of an Acute Insulin Response Predicts Onset of Type 2 Diabetes in a Caucasian Population with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2633-2638; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2837 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In a group of Caucasians with impaired glucose tolerance, the strongest predictor for conversion to type 2 diabetes is the absence of the first insulin peak, whereas the second insulin secretion phase, insulin resistance, and the disposition index did not independently predict the disease.

Annamaria Colao, Rosario Pivonello, Maurizio Galderisi, Paolo Cappabianca, Renata S. Auriemma, Mariano Galdiero, Luigi M. Cavallo, Felice Esposito, and Gaetano Lombardi

Impact of Treating Acromegaly First with Surgery or Somatostatin Analogs on Cardiomyopathy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2639-2646; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0299 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
After a year of initial treatment of acromegaly with somatostatin analogs (SSA) (n=56) or surgery (n=33), control of acromegaly is associated with a similar improvement in left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic filling, while systolic function improved more clearly with SSA. A direct effect of SSA and better preservation of pituitary function may explain this difference.

Cornelia Weikert, Sabine Westphal, Klaus Berger, Jutta Dierkes, Matthias Möhlig, Joachim Spranger, Eric B. Rimm, Stefan N. Willich, Heiner Boeing, and Tobias Pischon

Plasma Resistin Levels and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2647-2653; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2735 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This population-based prospective study of middle-aged men and women suggests that high plasma resistin levels are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, but not with higher risk of ischemic stroke.

L. van der Sluijs Veer, M. J. E. Kempers, B. F. Last, T. Vulsma, and M. A. Grootenhuis

Quality of Life, Developmental Milestones, and Self-Esteem of Young Adults with Congenital Hypothyroidism Diagnosed by Neonatal Screening
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2654-2661; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1560 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Young adults with congenital hypothyroidism report lower health-related quality of life, developmental milestones, and self-esteem. Physicians should be vigilant for these consequences and possibly provide additional emotional and educational guidance.

Vinicius Nahime Brito, Ana Claudia Latronico, Priscilla Cukier, Milena Gurgel Teles, Letícia F. G. Silveira, Ivo Jorge Prado Arnhold, and Berenice Bilharinho Mendonca

Factors Determining Normal Adult Height in Girls with Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty Treated with Depot Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2662-2669; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2183 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The major factors determining normal adult height in girls with gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty treated exclusively with depot GnRH analogs are shorter interval between the onset of puberty and start of therapy, higher height standard deviation score at the start and end of therapy, and target height.

Karen Elkind-Hirsch, Ory Marrioneaux, Madhu Bhushan, Denise Vernor, and Rajat Bhushan

Comparison of Single and Combined Treatment with Exenatide and Metformin on Menstrual Cyclicity in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2670-2678; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0115 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In premenopausal obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, 24 weeks of combination therapy of exenatide and metformin resulted in greater improvements in menstrual cyclicity, endogenous ovulatory function, body weight, abdominal girth, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism than single agent treatment.

Daniela Leonardi, Nunziella Polizzotti, Anna Carta, Rossella Gelsomino, Lidia Sava, Riccardo Vigneri, and Francesca Calaciura

Longitudinal Study of Thyroid Function in Children with Mild Hyperthyrotropinemia at Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2679-2685; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2612 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Newborns with very short lasting hyperthyrotropinemia, which is usually classified "false positive" in congenital hypothyroidism screening, have high risk of developing persistent subclinical hypothyroidism up to late childhood.

Nelly Pitteloud, Andrew A. Dwyer, Suzzunne DeCruz, Hang Lee, Paul A. Boepple, William F. Crowley, Jr., and Frances J. Hayes

The Relative Role of Gonadal Sex Steroids and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Frequency in the Regulation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2686-2692; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2548 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study ablating endogenous sex steroid production and providing physiologic sex steroid replacement in normal men and men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism reveals that estradiol mediates sex steroid FSH negative feedback and that FSH is resistant to changes in GnRH pulse frequency even without sex steroid negative feedback.

Joyce Maalouf, Mona Nabulsi, Reinhold Vieth, Samantha Kimball, Rola El-Rassi, Ziyad Mahfoud, and Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan

Short- and Long-Term Safety of Weekly High-Dose Vitamin D₃ Supplementation in School Children
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2693-2701; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2530 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Although hypovitaminosis D is prevalent in youth worldwide, the recommended adequate intake remains at only 200 IU/day. The lack of evidence-based vitamin D safety studies is a major limitation to current recommendations. Two randomized controlled trials demonstrate the short and long term safety of vitamin D3 at doses of 2000 IU/day in children and adolescents.

Rutger W. van der Meer, Sebastiaan Hammer, Hildo J. Lamb, Marijke Frölich, Michaela Diamant, Luuk J. Rijzewijk, Albert de Roos, Johannes A. Romijn, and Johannes W. A. Smit

Effects of Short-Term High-Fat, High-Energy Diet on Hepatic and Myocardial Triglyceride Content in Healthy Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2702-2708; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2524 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A short-term, high-fat, high-energy diet in healthy males results in major increases in plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and in hepatic triglycerides, whereas it does not influence myocardial triglycerides or myocardial function.

L. Audí, A. Carrascosa, C. Esteban, M. Fernández-Cancio, P. Andaluz, D. Yeste, R. Espadero, M. L. Granada, H. Wollmann, L. Fryklund the Spanish SGA Study Group

The exon 3-deleted/full-length Growth Hormone Receptor Polymorphism Does Not Influence the Effect of Puberty or Growth Hormone Therapy on Glucose Homeostasis in Short Non-Growth Hormone-Deficient Small-for-Gestational-Age Children: Results from a Two-Year Controlled Prospective Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2709-2715; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0150 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In non-GH-deficient short for gestational age children, the spontaneous growth rate and glucose homeostasis during prepuberty and puberty is uninfluenced by exon 3-deleted/full-length-GH receptor genotypes, nor is patient responsiveness to 66 {micro}g/kg/day GH.

Catherine M. Gordon, Avery LeBoff Williams, Henry A. Feldman, Jessica May, Linda Sinclair, Alex Vasquez, and Joanne E. Cox

Treatment of Hypovitaminosis D in Infants and Toddlers
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2716-2721; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2790 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Vitamin D2 or vitamin D3, each administered with supplemental calcium, are equally safe and efficacious for the treatment of hypovitaminosis D among young children based on a 6-week randomized controlled trial.

Marko Stojanovic, Sandra Pekic, Goran Cvijovic, Dragana Miljic, Mirjana Doknic, Marina Nikolic-Djurovic, Dragan Micic, Rajko Hrvacevic, Vidosava Nesic, and Vera Popovic

High Risk of Hypopituitarism in Patients Who Recovered from Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2722-2728; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0311 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A high prevalence of hypopituitarism is seen in patients recovering from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Pituitary failure should be systematically sought in patients with this disorder.

Laura Agate, Stefano Mariotti, Rossella Elisei, Paola Mossa, Furio Pacini, Eleonora Molinaro, Lucia Grasso, Lucio Masserini, Tatiana Mokhort, Tatiana Vorontsova, Alexander Arynchyn, Mycola D. Tronko, Anatoly Tsyb, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Anders Juul, and Aldo Pinchera

Thyroid Autoantibodies and Thyroid Function in Subjects Exposed to Chernobyl Fallout during Childhood: Evidence for a Transient Radiation-Induced Elevation of Serum Thyroid Antibodies without an Increase in Thyroid Autoimmune Disease
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2729-2736; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0060 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Thirteen to fifteen years after the Chernobyl accident, anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies are still prevalent in adolescents who were exposed either in utero or as young children to the radioiodine, although their presence is unaccompanied by thyroid dysfunction. A longer observation period will be needed to exclude later effects.

Frederick C. W. Wu, Abdelouahid Tajar, Stephen R. Pye, Alan J. Silman, Joseph D. Finn, Terence W. O'Neill, Gyorgy Bartfai, Felipe Casanueva, Gianni Forti, Aleksander Giwercman, Ilpo T. Huhtaniemi, Krzysztof Kula, Margus Punab, Steven Boonen, Dirk Vanderschueren The European Male Aging Study Group

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Disruptions in Older Men Are Differentially Linked to Age and Modifiable Risk Factors: The European Male Aging Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2737-2745; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1972 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Multiple dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis linked to various risk factors underlie the testosterone decline in aging men. Age and co-morbidity are associated with partially compensated impairment of testicular function. Obesity, with decreased testosterone and unchanged or decreased LH, is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. Smoking increases sex hormone binding globulin and total testosterone, but free testosterone remains unchanged.

A. Fusco, M. C. Zatelli, A. Bianchi, V. Cimino, L. Tilaro, F. Veltri, F. Angelini, L. Lauriola, V. Vellone, F. Doglietto, M. R. Ambrosio, G. Maira, A. Giustina, E. C. degli Uberti, A. Pontecorvi, and L. De Marinis

BRIEF REPORT:Prognostic Significance of the Ki-67 Labeling Index in Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2746-2750; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0126 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The Ki-67 labeling index predicted clinical outcome as well as response to somatostatin analog medical therapy in acromegalic patients who underwent adenomectomy and may represent a useful prognostic marker of cure in acromegaly.

Jakub Mieszczak, Elizabeth S. Lowe, Paul Plourde, and Erica A. Eugster

BRIEF REPORT:The Aromatase Inhibitor Anastrozole Is Ineffective in the Treatment of Precocious Puberty in Girls with McCune-Albright Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2751-2754; first published April 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2090 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Although it appears safe, anastrozole 1 mg daily for one year is ineffective in stopping vaginal bleeding, or in attenuating rates of skeletal maturation or linear growth in girls with precocious puberty and McCune-Albright syndrome.

Alla A. Sakharova, Jeffrey F. Horowitz, Sowmya Surya, Naila Goldenberg, Matthew P. Harber, Kathy Symons, and Ariel Barkan

BRIEF REPORT:Role of Growth Hormone in Regulating Lipolysis, Proteolysis, and Hepatic Glucose Production during Fasting
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2755-2759; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0079 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Fasting-induced elevation of GH secretion is a major mechanism for the starvation-induced increase in the rate of lipolysis, indicating that ketosis of starvation cannot be explained exclusively by the absence of insulin.

Ioulietta Erotokritou-Mulligan, E. Eryl Bassett, Christiaan Bartlett, David Cowan, Cathy McHugh, Rick Seah, Benjamin Curtis, Victoria Wells, Kate Harrison, Peter H. Sönksen, Richard I. G. Holt The GH-2004 Group

BRIEF REPORT:The Effect of Sports Injury on Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Type 3 Procollagen: Implications for Detection of Growth Hormone Abuse in Athletes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2760-2763; first published April 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2801 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In elite and amateur athletes, a rise in type 3 pro-collagen is seen after skeletal or soft tissue injury, but the increase was not so great as to invalidate the performance of the proposed GH-2000 test.

Endocrine Research:

Giuseppe Murdolo, Mikaela Sjöstrand, Lena Strindberg, Soffia Gudbjörnsdóttir, Lars Lind, Peter Lönnroth, and Per-Anders Jansson

Effects of Intrabrachial Metacholine Infusion on Muscle Capillary Recruitment and Forearm Glucose Uptake during Physiological Hyperinsulinemia in Obese, Insulin-Resistant Individuals
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2764-2773; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2737 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In obese, insulin resistant individuals, metacholine-induced vasodilation improves muscle capillary recruitment and forearm glucose uptake after OGTT-induced physiologic hyperinsulinemia. Thus, treatments that target the nitric oxide production/release in skeletal muscle may represent a strategy to bypass cellular resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal.

Lourdes Ibáñez, Giorgia Sebastiani, Abel Lopez-Bermejo, Marta Díaz, Maria Dolores Gómez-Roig, and Francis de Zegher

Gender Specificity of Body Adiposity and Circulating Adiponectin, Visfatin, Insulin, and Insulin Growth Factor-I at Term Birth: Relation to Prenatal Growth
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2774-2778; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0526 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
At term birth, the gender specificity of body adiposity and of circulating visfatin and high-molecular weight adiponectin depends on prenatal growth, whereas the gender specificity of insulin and IGF-I levels does not. In small for gestational age fetuses, the distribution of adiponectin isoforms is shifted towards high-molecular weight adiponectin, a finding that may explain why these newborns are hypersensitive to insulin.

Inga Peter, Alyson Kelley-Hedgepeth, Caroline S. Fox, L. Adrienne Cupples, Gordon S. Huggins, David E. Housman, Richard H. Karas, Michael E. Mendelsohn, Daniel Levy, and Joanne M. Murabito

Variation in Estrogen-Related Genes Associated with Cardiovascular Phenotypes and Circulating Estradiol, Testosterone, and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2779-2785; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0106 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In a cohort study of women and men, minor alleles of closely related aromatase gene polymorphisms are associated with higher serum estradiol, lower testosterone levels, and a higher estradiol/testosterone ratio in men.

Irina Kowalska, Marek Straczkowski, Agnieszka Adamska, Agnieszka Nikolajuk, Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska, Elzbieta Otziomek, and Maria Górska

Serum Retinol Binding Protein 4 Is Related to Insulin Resistance and Nonoxidative Glucose Metabolism in Lean and Obese Women with Normal Glucose Tolerance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2786-2789; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0077 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Examination of a group of relatively healthy women finds that serum retinol binding protein 4 is related to decreased insulin sensitivity, mostly through its association with non-oxidative glucose metabolism.

F. Castinetti, A. Saveanu, R. Reynaud, M. H. Quentien, A. Buffin, R. Brauner, N. Kaffel, F. Albarel, A. M. Guedj, M. El Kholy, M. Amin, A. Enjalbert, A. Barlier, and T. Brue

A Novel Dysfunctional LHX4 Mutation with High Phenotypical Variability in Patients with Hypopituitarism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2790-2799; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2389 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Screening for LHX4 mutations in patients with congenital hypopituitarism associated with malformations of brain structures, pituitary stalk, or posterior pituitary gland reveals three new exonic LHX4 allelic variants, with at least one being responsible for the disorder, further extending the phenotypic heterogeneity associated with LHX4 mutations.

Eva Feigerlová, Gwenaëlle Diene, Françoise Conte-Auriol, Catherine Molinas, Isabelle Gennero, Jean-Pierre Salles, Catherine Arnaud, and Maïthé Tauber

Hyperghrelinemia Precedes Obesity in Prader-Willi Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2800-2805; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2138 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Analysis of children with Prader-Willi syndrome finds elevated plasma ghrelin levels at all ages, including the first few years of life preceding the onset of obesity.

Francesco Perticone, Angela Sciacqua, Maria Perticone, Irma Laino, Sofia Miceli, Ilaria Care', Giulia Galiano Leone, Francesco Andreozzi, Raffaele Maio, and Giorgio Sesti

Low-Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Levels Are Associated with Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in a Cohort of Untreated, Hypertensive Caucasian Subjects
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2806-2810; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0646 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Low plasma IGF-1 levels are associated with reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation, independent of classical cardiovascular risk factors.

Michaela Kozakova, Elza Muscelli, Allan Flyvbjerg, Jan Frystyk, Carmela Morizzo, Carlo Palombo, and Ele Ferrannini

Adiponectin and Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Healthy Adults
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2811-2818; first published April 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2580 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In healthy, normotensive subjects, both total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin are inversely and independently related to left ventricular wall thickness. Adiponectin levels are also related to longitudinal diastolic function independently of left ventricular mass.

Jean L. Chan, Catherine J. Williams, Patricia Raciti, Jennifer Blakeman, Theodore Kelesidis, Iosif Kelesidis, Michael L. Johnson, Michael O. Thorner, and Christos S. Mantzoros

Leptin Does Not Mediate Short-Term Fasting-Induced Changes in Growth Hormone Pulsatility but Increases IGF-I in Leptin Deficiency States
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2819-2827; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0056 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
During acute energy deficits, r-metHuleptin administration in replacement doses blunts the starvation induced decrease of IGF-1. In states of chronic hypoleptinemia due to energy deficit, r-metHuleptin administration increases IGF-1 and tends to increase free IGF-1 and IGFBP3.

Agatha A. van der Klaauw, Tahar van der Straaten, Renee Baak-Pablo, Nienke R. Biermasz, Henk-Jan Guchelaar, Alberto M. Pereira, Johannes W. A. Smit, and Johannes A. Romijn

Influence of the d3-Growth Hormone (GH) Receptor Isoform on Short-Term and Long-Term Treatment Response to GH Replacement in GH-Deficient Adults
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2828-2834; first published April 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2728 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The d3 growth hormone receptor isoform (d3GHR) genotype was associated with an increased IGF-I response to short-term GH replacement in GH deficient adults. The decrease in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels during short-term GH replacement was significantly lower in patients with at least one d3GHR allele compared to patients with two wildtype alleles. The results of this study suggest that the d3GHR genotype contributes, at least for some parameters, to the inter-individual differences observed during GH replacement in adults with GH deficiency.

Carmen F. A. Eustatia-Rutten, Eleonora P. M. Corssmit, Karen A. Heemstra, Johannes W. A. Smit, Rik C. Schoemaker, Johannes A. Romijn, and Jacobus Burggraaf

Autonomic Nervous System Function in Chronic Exogenous Subclinical Thyrotoxicosis and the Effect of Restoring Euthyroidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2835-2841; first published April 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0080 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Long-term exogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism in patients treated for thyroid carcinoma has effects on the autonomous nervous system, which are not reversed by restoration to euthyroidism for 6 months.

Charlotte Nielsen, Lars C. Gormsen, Niels Jessen, Steen Bønløkke Pedersen, Niels Møller, Sten Lund, and Jens Otto L. Jørgensen

Growth Hormone Signaling in Vivo in Human Muscle and Adipose Tissue: Impact of Insulin, Substrate Background, and Growth Hormone Receptor Blockade
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2842-2850; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2414 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
GH exposure associated with insulin resistance acutely initiates GH receptor signaling in human muscle and fat without evidence of crosstalk with insulin signaling pathways.

Gerrit van Hall, Adam Steensberg, Christian Fischer, Charlotte Keller, Kirsten Møller, Pope Moseley, and Bente K. Pedersen

Interleukin-6 Markedly Decreases Skeletal Muscle Protein Turnover and Increases Nonmuscle Amino Acid Utilization in Healthy Individuals
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2851-2858; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2223 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In healthy young men, interleukin-6 alters amino acid turnover and indirectly affects muscle protein synthesis, providing further evidence that the cytokine is a potent metabolic signal.

Thomas M. Barber, Matthew Hazell, Constantinos Christodoulides, Stephen J. Golding, Christopher Alvey, Keith Burling, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Nigel P. Groome, John A. H. Wass, Stephen Franks, and Mark I. McCarthy

Serum Levels of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Adiponectin in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Associations with Visceral Fat But No Evidence for Fat Mass-Independent Effects on Pathogenesis in This Condition
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2859-2865; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2759 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A case- control study shows that serum retinol-binding protein 4 and adiponectin levels do not play important, fat-mass-independent roles in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome despite their associations with visceral fat mass.

Sonia Fernández-Veledo, Iria Nieto-Vazquez, Javier de Castro, M. Pilar Ramos, Silke Brüderlein, Peter Möller, and Margarita Lorenzo

Hyperinsulinemia Induces Insulin Resistance on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in a Human Adipocytic Cell Line: Paracrine Interaction with Myocytes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2866-2876; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2472 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Hyperinsulinemia deregulates endocrine function of adipose tissue, inducing an insulin-resistant state in human adipocytes and myocytes. New evidence supports the hypothesis of nuclear receptors as interesting targets for drug treatment of insulin resistance.

Kunihisa Kobayashi, Toyoshi Inoguchi, Yasutaka Maeda, Naoki Nakashima, Asako Kuwano, Erina Eto, Noriko Ueno, Shuji Sasaki, Fumi Sawada, Masakazu Fujii, Yuka Matoba, Shinji Sumiyoshi, Hisaya Kawate, and Ryoichi Takayanagi

The Lack of the C-Terminal Domain of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Causes Neutral Lipid Storage Disease through Impaired Interactions with Lipid Droplets
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2877-2884; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2247 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Siblings with neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy and a novel adipose triglyceride lipase mutation reveal that the enzyme's C-terminal hydrophobic region plays a pivotal role in the interaction with lipid droplets.

H. Pinar, S. Basu, K. Hotmire, L. Laffineuse, L. Presley, M. Carpenter, P. M. Catalano, and S. Hauguel-de Mouzon

High Molecular Mass Multimer Complexes and Vascular Expression Contribute to High Adiponectin in the Fetus
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2885-2890; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0009 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Examination of adipose tissue and placenta from 21-39-week-old stillborn human fetuses reveals a high abundance of high molecular weight adiponectin in skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue, kidney, and brain, implying that like high insulin sensitivity, adiponectin may be a critical determinant of intrauterine growth.

Felix G. Riepe, Olaf Hiort, Joachim Grötzinger, Wolfgang G. Sippell, Nils Krone, and Paul-Martin Holterhus

BRIEF REPORT:Functional and Structural Consequences of a Novel Point Mutation in the CYP21A2 Gene Causing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Potential Relevance of Helix C for P450 Oxidoreductase-21-Hydroxylase Interaction
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2891-2895; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2646 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Felix G. Riepe, Olaf Hiort, Joachim Grootzinger, Wolfgang G. Sippell, Nils Krone, and Paul-Martin Holterhus Analysis of a novel CYP21A2 missense mutation c.364AC (K121Q) in a female patient with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency and heterozygosity for the mutation reveals that the mutant enzyme most likely impairs electron flux between POR and CYP21 and disrupts substrate affinity due to heme dislocation, emphasizing the importance of the redox partner binding site and helix C.

Stephen M. P. O'Riordan, Sally A. Lynch, Peter C. Hindmarsh, Li F. Chan, Adrian J. L. Clark, and Colm Costigan

BRIEF REPORT:A Novel Variant of Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency Prevalent among the Irish Traveler Population
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2896-2899; first published April 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0034 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A high prevalence (1 in 2,506) of familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD) is reported amongst Irish Travelers, related to a novel gene without ACTH receptor (MC2R) and melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) mutations. Amongst this genetically isolated community the subtle phenotype and initial normal biochemistry may delay the early diagnosis of FGD.

Maarten R. Soeters, Hans P. Sauerwein, Peter F. Dubbelhuis, Johanna E. Groener, Mariëtte T. Ackermans, Eric Fliers, Johannes M. Aerts, and Mireille J. Serlie

BRIEF REPORT:Muscle Adaptation to Short-Term Fasting in Healthy Lean Humans
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2900-2903; first published April 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0250 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Well-known decreased insulin mediated peripheral glucose uptake after fasting is explained by decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B/AKT-ser473. Whether this is explained by a trend to higher muscle ceramide levels remains unclear. Fasting does not affect nonoxidative glucose disposal on a whole body level or phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3-thr642.

T. Berentzen, S. I. I. Kring, C. Holst, E. Zimmermann, T. Jess, T. Hansen, O. Pedersen, S. Toubro, A. Astrup, and T. I. A. Sørensen

BRIEF REPORT:Lack of Association of Fatness-Related FTO Gene Variants with Energy Expenditure or Physical Activity
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2904-2908; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This population-based study of middle-aged men with a broad range of fatness in adolescence demonstrates that homozygous carriers of the A-allele of the rs9939609 variant of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene do not have lower resting energy expenditure, glucose-induced thermogenesis, VO2max, or leisure time physical activity, but do have a higher fat mass.

Mark O. Goodarzi, Ning Xu, and Ricardo Azziz

BRIEF REPORT:Association of CYP3A7*1C and Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2909-2912; first published April 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0403 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a promoter variant in fetal life, CYP3A7*1C, results in persistent expression of CYP3A7 in adults and is associated with reduced dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. Adult expression of CYP3A7 may modify the PCOS phenotype by ameliorating adrenal androgen excess.

Larissa G. Gomes, Ningwu Huang, Vishal Agrawal, Berenice B. Mendonça, Tania A. S. S. Bachega, and Walter L. Miller

BRIEF REPORT:The Common P450 Oxidoreductase Variant A503V Is Not a Modifier Gene for 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2913-2916; first published April 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0304 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Although there is generally a good correlation between 21-hydroxylase mutations and the congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) phenotype, some patients have phenotype/genotype discordance. The common P450 oxidoreductase allelic variant A503V reduces 17-hydroxylase activity but does not affect 21- hydroxylase activity, hence it is not a modifier gene for CAH.

Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, Marco Mensink, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink, Jean-Pierre Sels, M. Eline Kooi, and Patrick Schrauwen

BRIEF REPORT:The Insulin-Sensitizing Effect of Rosiglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Does Not Require Improved in Vivo Muscle Mitochondrial Function
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2917-2921; first published May 6 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0267 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The insulin-sensitizing effect of rosiglitazone is not accompanied by an improvement in in vivo mitochondrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Announcements and Resources:

Erratum
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2922 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine-Related Resources from the National Institutes of Health
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2923-2926 [Full Text] [PDF]  

National Hormone & Peptide Program (NHPP): New Recombinant Hormones, Hypothalamic Peptides, Natural Hormones, New Antisera, & Expanded Hormone Assay Services Available
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2927-2929 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:

Eric Felner and Francine Kaufman

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:Type 2 Diabetes in Children
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Eric Felner and Francine Kaufman

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:La diabetes tipo 2 en los niños
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

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