The Endocrine Society:

Endocrinology & Metabolism News
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 17a-20a [Full Text] [PDF]  

Special Features:

Vanita R. Aroda and Robert Ratner

APPROACH TO THE PATIENT:Approach to the Patient with Prediabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3259-3265 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

John W. Funder, Robert M. Carey, Carlos Fardella, Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez, Franco Mantero, Michael Stowasser, William F. Young, Jr., and Victor M. Montori

CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE:Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Patients with Primary Aldosteronism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3266-3281; first published June 13 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0104 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Approach to the patient with hypertension and hypokalemia]
This Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline offers advice on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism.

J. Moreno-Fernández, C. Gutiérrez-Alcántara, M. A. Gálvez Moreno, L. Jiménez-Reina, J. P. Castaño, and P. Benito-López

IMAGES IN ENDOCRINOLOGY:Corticotrophin-Dependent Cushing Syndrome Due to Sacrococcygeal Teratoma Detected by [¹⁸F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3282-3283; first published September 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0458 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Melissa Li-Ng and Meeta Sharma

IMAGES IN ENDOCRINOLOGY:Invasive Pituitary Adenoma
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3284-3285 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Markus Eszlinger, Knut Krohn, Steffen Hauptmann, Henning Dralle, Thomas J. Giordano, and Ralf Paschke

REVIEW:Perspectives for Improved and More Accurate Classification of Thyroid Epithelial Tumors
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3286-3294; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0201 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This review analyzes dilemmas in the histological and molecular differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid tumors, and proposes an approach to combining histological and molecular data to classify thyroid epithelial tumors more accurately.

Kathryn B. Horwitz and Carol A. Sartorius

COMMENTARY:Progestins in Hormone Replacement Therapies Reactivate Cancer Stem Cells in Women with Preexisting Breast Cancers: A Hypothesis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3295-3298; first published July 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0938 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

Editorials:

Naveed Sattar and Scott M. Nelson

EDITORIAL:Adiponectin, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease in Older Persons: Unraveling the Paradox
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3299-3301 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan

EDITORIAL:Hyperparathyroidism: Time to Reconsider Current Clinical Decision Paradigms?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3302-3304 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jerome M. Hershman

EDITORIAL:The Role of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin as a Thyroid Stimulator in Normal Pregnancy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3305-3306 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mara J. Horwitz and Andrew F. Stewart

EDITORIAL:Hypoparathyroidism: Is It Time for Replacement Therapy?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3307-3309 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine Care:

Beate Skinningsrud, Eystein S. Husebye, Simon H. Pearce, David O. McDonald, Kristin Brandal, Anette B. Wolff, Kristian Løvås, Thore Egeland, and Dag E. Undlien

Polymorphisms in CLEC16A and CIITA at 16p13 Are Associated with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3310-3317; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0821 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Eleven genes analyzed by tagSNPs in a case-control study of Norwegian patients with and without primary adrenal insufficiency demonstrate two independent associations at 16p13: polymorphisms in CLEC16A and CIITA.

Sergio E. Recabarren, Teresa Sir-Petermann, Rafael Rios, Manuel Maliqueo, Bárbara Echiburú, Rosita Smith, Pedro Rojas-García, Mónica Recabarren, and Rodolfo A. Rey

Pituitary and Testicular Function in Sons of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from Infancy to Adulthood
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3318-3324; first published June 10 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0255 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In prepubertal sons of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, anti-Mullerian hormone concentrations are increased, suggesting that these boys may show an increased Sertoli cell number or function during infancy and childhood. However, anti-Muullerian hormone levels had no apparent deleterious long-term effect on the reproductive function in these boys, as reduced sperm counts were not observed.

Michaela Kozakova, Carlo Palombo, Marco Paterni, Christian-Heinz Anderwald, Thomas Konrad, Mary-Paula Colgan, Allan Flyvbjerg, Jacqueline Dekker on behalf of the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity Cardiovascular risk Investigators

Body Composition and Common Carotid Artery Remodeling in a Healthy Population
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3325-3332; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2484 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In a healthy population at low-to-average cardiovascular risk, body composition, mainly fat-free mass, is associated with common carotid artery thickness, independent of age, classical atherosclerotic risk factors, and metabolic factors like insulin resistance and plasma adiponectin.

Giuseppe Maiolino, Maurizio Cesari, Daniele Sticchi, Mario Zanchetta, Luigi Pedon, Katia Antezza, Achille C. Pessina, and Gian Paolo Rossi

Plasma Adiponectin for Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in High-Risk Patients
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3333-3340; first published August 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2405 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In high-risk coronary artery patients, higher plasma adiponectin are paradoxically associated with greater cardiovascular death risk; but when relevant cardiovascular covariates are considered, plasma adiponectin levels are predictive of cardiovascular events or mortality.

James E. Haddow, Monica R. McClain, Geralyn Lambert-Messerlian, Glenn E. Palomaki, Jacob A. Canick, Jane Cleary-Goldman, Fergal D. Malone, T. Flint Porter, David A. Nyberg, Peter Bernstein, Mary E. D'Alton for the First and Second Trimester Evaluation of Risk for Fetal Aneuploidy Research Consortium

Variability in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Suppression by Human Chronic Gonadotropin during Early Pregnancy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3341-3347; first published June 10 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0568 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Overview of thyroid disease in pregnancy]
In early pregnancy, a woman's TSH level appears to determine susceptibility to TSH suppression at any hCG level, suggesting that hCG itself may be the primary analyte responsible for incremental stimulation of the thyroid gland during pregnancy.

Marleen Kars, Victoria Delgado, Eduard R. Holman, Richard A. Feelders, Johannes W. A. Smit, Johannes A. Romijn, Jeroen J. Bax, and Alberto M. Pereira

Aortic Valve Calcification and Mild Tricuspid Regurgitation But No Clinical Heart Disease after 8 Years of Dopamine Agonist Therapy for Prolactinoma
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3348-3356; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2658 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Treatment of hyperprolactinemia due to lactotrophadenoma and other causes]
In patients treated for prolactinoma with cabergoline during several years, there is no increased risk for clinically relevant valvular disease. However, some patients experience mild variations in valvular morphology without clinical consequences.

Jorge R. Kizer, Joshua I. Barzilay, Lewis H. Kuller, and John S. Gottdiener

Adiponectin and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Older Men and Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3357-3364; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0640 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Higher serum adiponectin is associated with increased first coronary heart disease event risk, as shown in this nested case-control study of community-based older adults.

Iris J. G. Ketel, Coen D. A. Stehouwer, Erik H. Serné, Ted J. M. Korsen, Peter G. A. Hompes, Yvo M. Smulders, Renate T. de Jongh, Roy Homburg, and Cornelis B. Lambalk

Obese But Not Normal-Weight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Characterized by Metabolic and Microvascular Insulin Resistance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3365-3372; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0626 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women is related more to their obesity than the syndrome itself. Insulin resistance was not present in normal-weight women with PCOS compared to normal-weight controls, and in fact, obese PCOS women actually had lesser insulin resistance than obese control women.

Rebecca L. Thomson, Jonathan D. Buckley, Manny Noakes, Peter M. Clifton, Robert J. Norman, and Grant D. Brinkworth

The Effect of a Hypocaloric Diet with and without Exercise Training on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Profile, and Reproductive Function in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3373-3380; first published June 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0751 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults]
In overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, the addition of aerobic or combined aerobic-resistance exercise to a 20-week, energy-restricted diet improves body composition more that diet alone, although improvements in cardiometabolic, hormonal, and reproductive outcomes are similar between the treatments.

Corinne D. Engelman, Tasha E. Fingerlin, Carl D. Langefeld, Pamela J. Hicks, Stephen S. Rich, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, Donald W. Bowden, and Jill M. Norris

Genetic and Environmental Determinants of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Levels in Hispanic and African Americans
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3381-3388; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2702 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Examination of three vitamin D-related genes and 25- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) levels in Hispanic and African Americans reveals a single nucleotide polymorphism in the vitamin D binding protein gene (DBP), rs4588, to be associated with both metabolites in both ethnic groups. No polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) or the 1-a hydroxylase (CYP27B1) genes are significantly associated with 25- or 1,25-[OH]2D levels.

Karen K. Winer, Ninet Sinaii, Donna Peterson, Bruno Sainz, Jr., and Gordon B. Cutler, Jr.

Effects of Once Versus Twice-Daily Parathyroid Hormone 1–34 Therapy in Children with Hypoparathyroidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3389-3395; first published May 20 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2552 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A 7-month randomized crossover study of children with hypoparathyroidism demonstrates that synthetic human PTH 1-34 given twice daily by subcutaneous injection produces improved metabolic control compared to once-daily administration.

Stephen Franks, Lisa J. Webber, Micaela Goh, Anne Valentine, Davinia M. White, Gerard S. Conway, Steven Wiltshire, and Mark I. McCarthy

Ovarian Morphology Is a Marker of Heritable Biochemical Traits in Sisters with Polycystic Ovaries
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3396-3402; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0369 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Endocrine and metabolic indices in women with PCOS and their sisters reveal strong evidence for heritability of the their levels of androgens, LH, and fasting insulin, as well as their insulin sensitivity, highlighting the importance of genetic factors in the etiology of PCOS.

Varant Kupelian, Frances J. Hayes, Carol L. Link, Raymond Rosen, and John B. McKinlay

Inverse Association of Testosterone and the Metabolic Syndrome in Men Is Consistent across Race and Ethnic Groups
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3403-3410; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0054 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In men between 30 and 79 years old, there is an inverse dose-response relationship between sex hormone levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome features, particularly for abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia, in a population-based sample.

Moisés Mercado, Baldomero González, Carolina Sandoval, Yoshua Esquenazi, Fernando Mier, Guadalupe Vargas, Ana Laura Espinosa de los Monteros, and Ernesto Sosa

Clinical and Biochemical Impact of the d3 Growth Hormone Receptor Genotype in Acromegaly
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3411-3415; first published July 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0391 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Acromegalic patients carrying the d3-isoform of the GH receptor are more likely to be diabetic and have biochemical evidence of remaining disease after treatment.

Annamaria Colao, Carolina Di Somma, Stefano Spiezia, Silvia Savastano, Francesca Rota, Maria Cristina Savanelli, and Gaetano Lombardi

Growth Hormone Treatment on Atherosclerosis: Results of a 5-Year Open, Prospective, Controlled Study in Male Patients with Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3416-3424; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2810 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Only GH-replaced GH-deficient adults had a reduction of the intima-media thickness (IMT) at common carotid arteries and improved insulin sensitivity in a five-year, observational, prospective study, whereas no change was seen in control severe GH-deficiency patients and increases in non-GH-deficient subjects.

Yasufumi Doi, Michiaki Kubo, Koji Yonemoto, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Masanori Iwase, Hisatomi Arima, Jun Hata, Yumihiro Tanizaki, Mitsuo Iida, and Yutaka Kiyohara

Fasting Plasma Glucose Cutoff for Diagnosis of Diabetes in a Japanese Population
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3425-3429; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2819 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In the Japanese, the fasting plasma glucose cut-off level corresponding to a 2-hour postload glucose of 11.1 mmol/l is lower than the current diagnostic criterion for diabetes, 7.0 mmol/l, suggesting the need to refine the optimal fasting plasma glucose cut-off level in Asian and perhaps other ethnic populations.

Sophia Ish-Shalom, Elena Segal, Tina Salganik, Batia Raz, Irvin L. Bromberg, and Reinhold Vieth

Comparison of Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Vitamin D3 in Ethanol Dosing Protocols for Two Months in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3430-3435; first published June 10 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0241 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Vitamin D supplementation can be achieved equally well with daily, weekly, or monthly dosing frequencies, permitting tailored regimens that are most likely to maximize long-term adherence to the treatment.

Annamaria Colao, Rosario Pivonello, Renata S. Auriemma, Mariano Galdiero, Silvia Savastano, Ludovica F. S. Grasso, and Gaetano Lombardi

Growth Hormone-Secreting Tumor Shrinkage after 3 Months of Octreotide-Long-Acting Release Therapy Predicts the Response at 12 Months
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3436-3442; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0424 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Tumor shrinkage achieved after 3 months of octreotide-LAR treatment predicts tumor shrinkage at one year. For size reduction after 12 months of more than 50%, the best predictors at 3 months were 22% tumor size reduction and GH_7.8 {micro}g/l.

David A. Stevenson, John C. Carey, Stephen P. Coburn, Karen L. Ericson, Janice L. B. Byrne, Steven Mumm, and Michael P. Whyte

Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatasia Manifesting in Utero with Long Bone Deformity but Showing Spontaneous Postnatal Improvement
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3443-3448; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0318 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Prenatal detection of long bone bowing in hypophosphatasia, even with autosomal recessive inheritance, does not predict death, but represents variable expression or modifier effects on defects in the tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene.

Ruben H. Willemsen, Sten P. Willemsen, and Anita C. S. Hokken-Koelega

Longitudinal Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Body Composition of Small-For-Gestational-Age Adolescents after Cessation of Growth Hormone Treatment
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3449-3454; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0623 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A longitudinal follow-up study of 48 small-for-gestational-age adolescents reveals that GH therapy lowers insulin sensitivity, which rises after treatment is stopped, becoming similar to that of appropriate-forgestational-age controls. Discontinuation of GH treatment is associated with increased percent body fat and decreases lean body mass, without fat distribution changes.

Petra Kok, Ferdinand Roelfsema, Marijke Frölich, Johannes van Pelt, A. Edo Meinders, and Hanno Pijl

Short-Term Treatment with Bromocriptine Improves Impaired Circadian Growth Hormone Secretion in Obese Premenopausal Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3455-3461; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0001 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In obese women, dopamine D2 receptor agonist therapy for eight days increases GH secretion, indicating that reduced D2 receptor activity contributes to the hyposomatotropism that characterizes obesity.

Mishaela R. Rubin, John P. Bilezikian, Donald J. McMahon, Thomas Jacobs, Elizabeth Shane, Ethel Siris, Julia Udesky, and Shonni J. Silverberg

The Natural History of Primary Hyperparathyroidism with or without Parathyroid Surgery after 15 Years
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3462-3470; first published June 10 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1215 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism]
Over 15 years of follow-up, mild primary hyperparathyroidism patients' biochemical and densitometric features were generally stable for the first 8-10 years in those who did not undergo surgery. Thereafter, a progressive reduction in bone density was seen at the hip and distal radius, providing further insight into the natural history of mild primary hyperparathyroidism.

Orhan Bukulmez, Daniel B. Hardy, Bruce R. Carr, Richard J. Auchus, Tannaz Toloubeydokhti, R. Ann Word, and Carole R. Mendelson

Androstenedione Up-Regulation of Endometrial Aromatase Expression via Local Conversion to Estrogen: Potential Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3471-3477; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0248 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Exposure of endometrial cells to physiological androstenedione concentrations may cause upregulation of aromatase mRNA expression by its metabolism to estradiol. Estradiol acts via estrogen receptor to induce expression of SF-1, which is recruited to the CYP19IIa promoter. This pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

MaryFran R. Sowers, Aimee D. Eyvazzadeh, Daniel McConnell, Matheos Yosef, Mary L. Jannausch, Daowen Zhang, Sioban Harlow, and John F. Randolph, Jr.

Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Inhibin B in the Definition of Ovarian Aging and the Menopause Transition
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3478-3483; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0567 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Ovarian development and failure (menopause) in normal women]
A 15-year longitudinal study of premenopausal women followed to their final menstrual period finds that longitudinal anti-Mu" llerian hormone profiles predicted age of and time to final menstrual period. Declines to low anti-Mu" llerian hormone levels may represent a critical biological juncture in the menopausal transition.

Ruth Zoehrer, David W. Dempster, John P. Bilezikian, Hua Zhou, Shonni J. Silverberg, Elizabeth Shane, Paul Roschger, Eleftherios P. Paschalis, and Klaus Klaushofer

Bone Quality determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging Analysis in Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3484-3489; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0530 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism, the collagen cross-link ratio (pyr and deH-DHLNL), as measured by Fourier transformed infrared imaging, was lower, consistent with the high bone turnover state in these patients.

José A. Horcajadas, Eduardo Goyri, María A. Higón, José A. Martínez-Conejero, Pietro Gambadauro, Gabriela García, Marcos Meseguer, Carlos Simón, and Antonio Pellicer

Endometrial Receptivity and Implantation Are Not Affected by the Presence of Uterine Intramural Leiomyomas: A Clinical and Functional Genomics Analysis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3490-3498; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0565 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A functional genomic analysis of 807 women undergoing oocyte donation shows that the presence of intramural leiomyomas not affecting the endometrial cavity does not alter the genes expressed during the window of implantation and implantation rates. Thus, leiomyomectomy does not seem necessary in infertile patients unless other symptoms are present.

Virginia A. Triant, Todd T. Brown, Hang Lee, and Steven K. Grinspoon

BRIEF REPORT:Fracture Prevalence among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Versus Non-HIV-Infected Patients in a Large U.S. Healthcare System
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3499-3504; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0828 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The database review of a large U.S. healthcare system demonstrates that fracture prevalence is increased among HIV-infected vs. non HIV-infected males and females. These data also suggest that fracture prevalence may increase more with age among the HIV-infected group.

Mette Vesterhus, Ingfrid S. Haldorsen, Helge Ræder, Anders Molven, and Pål R. Njølstad

BRIEF REPORT:Reduced Pancreatic Volume in Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1A-Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3505-3509; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0340 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Patients with HNF1A-MODY have reduced pancreatic volume, but less than that in patients with type 1 diabetes, a finding that can be explained by insulinopenia.

Luigi Di Luigi, Carlo Baldari, Paolo Sgrò, Gian Pietro Emerenziani, Maria Chiara Gallotta, Serena Bianchini, Francesco Romanelli, Fabio Pigozzi, Andrea Lenzi, and Laura Guidetti

BRIEF REPORT:The Type 5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Tadalafil Influences Salivary Cortisol, Testosterone, and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate Responses to Maximal Exercise in Healthy Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3510-3514; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0847 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A double-blind crossover trial finds that phosphodiesterase's type 5 inhibitor tadalafil amplified the salivary cortisol and testosterone responses to maximal exercise in healthy humans.

Vivien S. Bonert, Laurence Kennedy, Stephan Petersenn, Ariel Barkan, John Carmichael, and Shlomo Melmed

BRIEF REPORT:Lipodystrophy in Patients with Acromegaly Receiving Pegvisomant
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3515-3518; first published July 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0833 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Examination of seven patients with acromegaly receiving pegvisomant therapy reveals that all developed injection-site lipohypertrophy, which regressed after drug discontinuation. Patients receiving pegvisomant should rotate injection sites and undergo frequent site examination for adipose changes.

Vijay Panicker, Scott G. Wilson, Tim D. Spector, Suzanne J. Brown, Bernet S. Kato, Peter W. Reed, Mario Falchi, J. Brent Richards, Gabriela L. Surdulescu, Ee M. Lim, Steven J. Fletcher, and John P. Walsh

BRIEF REPORT:Genetic Loci Linked to Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Set Points: A Genome-Wide Scan of a Large Twin Cohort
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3519-3523; first published July 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2650 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A genome-wide scan of a large twin cohort identifies linkage peaks for free T4 on chromosomes 14q13 and 18q21 (LOD 2.4 to 3.2), TSH on chromosomes 2q36, 4q32, and 9q34 (LOD 2.1 to 3.2), and free T3 on chromosomes 7q36, 8q22, and 18q21 (LOD 2.0 to 2.3).

Endocrine Research:

Madson Q. Almeida, Maria Candida Barisson Villares Fragoso, Claudimara Ferini Pacicco Lotfi, Mariza Gerdulo Santos, Mirian Yumie Nishi, Marcia Helena Soares Costa, Antonio Marcondes Lerario, Carolina Canton Maciel, Gabriele Ebling Mattos, Alexander Augusto Lima Jorge, Berenice B. Mendonca, and Ana Claudia Latronico

Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II and Its Receptor in Pediatric and Adult Adrenocortical Tumors
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3524-3531; first published July 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0065 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
IGF-II is mainly overexpressed in adult adrenocortical carcinomas, whereas IGF-IR overexpression is a biomarker of pediatric adrenocortical carcinomas. Additionally, a selective IGF-IR kinase inhibitor had antitumor effects in both tumor cell lines, suggesting that IGF-IR inhibitors represent a promising therapy for human adrenocortical carcinoma.

William Murk, Cem S. Atabekoglu, Hakan Cakmak, Aylin Heper, Arzu Ensari, Umit A. Kayisli, and Aydin Arici

Extracellularly Signal-Regulated Kinase Activity in the Human Endometrium: Possible Roles in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3532-3540; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2051 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Women with endometriosis have high endometrial ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation levels, which may maintain cell viability. ERK1/2 is rapidly phosphorylated by estrogen in endometriotic but not normal endometrial stromal cells, suggesting an aberrant signaling mechanism by which the estrogenic microenvironment supports the growth of ectopic implants.

Roberto Vettor, Marnie Granzotto, Diego De Stefani, Elisabetta Trevellin, Marco Rossato, Maria Grazia Farina, Gabriella Milan, Catia Pilon, Angela Nigro, Giovanni Federspil, Riccardo Vigneri, Libero Vitiello, Rosario Rizzuto, Roberto Baratta, and Lucia Frittitta

Loss-of-Function Mutation of the GPR40 Gene Associates with Abnormal Stimulated Insulin Secretion by Acting on Intracellular Calcium Mobilization
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3541-3550; first published June 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2680 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A newly identified single nucleotide mutation (Gly180Ser) in the coding region of the G protein-coupled transmembrane receptor (GPR40) gene results in a loss of function that prevents the {beta}-cell's ability to sense adequately lipids as an insulin secretory stimulus.

Lindsay W. Cole, Yisrael Sidis, ChengKang Zhang, Richard Quinton, Lacey Plummer, Duarte Pignatelli, Virginia A. Hughes, Andrew A. Dwyer, Taneli Raivio, Frances J. Hayes, Stephanie B. Seminara, Celine Huot, Nathalie Alos, Phyllis Speiser, Akira Takeshita, Guy VanVliet, Simon Pearce, William F. Crowley, Jr., Qun-Yong Zhou, and Nelly Pitteloud

Mutations in Prokineticin 2 and Prokineticin receptor 2genes in Human Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency: Molecular Genetics and Clinical Spectrum
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3551-3559; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2654 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Screening of patients with Kallmann syndrome and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) finds that loss-of-function mutations in prokineticin 2 (PROK2) and its receptor (PROKR2) underlie both disorders, with one Kallmann proband carrying both mutations. A spectrum of reproductive phenotypes was observed ranging from absent puberty to reversal of IHH in adulthood, indicating that these mutations should be considered in all GnRH-deficient subjects with or without anosmia.

John M. Feller, Ann M. Simpson, Margaret Nelson, M. Anne Swan, Philip J. O'Connell, Wayne J. Hawthorne, Chang Tao, and Bronwyn A. O'Brien

Growth-Promoting Effect of Rh(D) Antibody on Human Pancreatic Islet Cells
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3560-3567; first published June 10 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0510 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Human and monoclonal anti-Rh (D) antibodies, which are known to induce islet cell hyperplasia in Rhesus-related hemolytic disease of the newborn, have a proliferative effect on isolated human islet cells, potentially pointing to their future therapeutic use.

Michael Mannstadt, Guylène Bertrand, Mihaela Muresan, Georges Weryha, Bruno Leheup, Sirish R. Pulusani, Bernard Grandchamp, Harald Jüppner, and Caroline Silve

Dominant-Negative GCMB Mutations Cause an Autosomal Dominant Form of Hypoparathyroidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3568-3576; first published June 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2167 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Two novel, heterozygous mutations in the parathyroid-specific transcription factor GCMB are identified in the affected members of two families with autosomal-dominant hypoparathyroidism. In vitro analyses are consistent with a dominant-negative effect of these mutations, representing a novel disease mechanism.

Sebastian Blesa, Santiago Vernia, Ana-Barbara Garcia-Garcia, Sergio Martinez-Hervas, Carmen Ivorra, Veronica Gonzalez-Albert, Juan Francisco Ascaso, Juan Carlos Martín-Escudero, Jose Tomas Real, Rafael Carmena, Marta Casado, and Felipe Javier Chaves

A New PCSK9 Gene Promoter Variant Affects Gene Expression and Causes Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3577-3583; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0269 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A new point mutation, c.-332CA, in the promoter of PCSK9 could cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, reducing statin treatment efficiency.

Eli Hershkovitz, Ruthi Parvari, Stefan A. Wudy, Michaela F. Hartmann, Larissa G. Gomes, Neta Loewental, and Walter L. Miller

Homozygous Mutation G539R in the Gene for P450 Oxidoreductase in a Family Previously Diagnosed as Having 17,20-Lyase Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3584-3588; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0051 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Genetic and serum steroid levels in a patient with 17,20 lyase deficiency and three similarly affected family members reveals that homozygous G539R mutation in the P450 oxidoreductase gene appears to be responsible for this disorder.

Yoshiyuki Ban, David A. Greenberg, Terry F. Davies, Eric Jacobson, Erlinda Concepcion, and Yaron Tomer

‘Linkage Analysis of Thyroid Antibody Production: Evidence for Shared Susceptibility to Clinical Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3589-3596; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0364 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A whole genome linkage study in 102 multiplex families for thyroid autoimmunity finds three loci associated with thyroid antibody production, on 2q (CTLA-4), 6p (AITD-1), and 8q (thyroglobulin). These loci are also linked to clinical autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), suggesting that some of the loci/genes predisposing to TAb are shared with AITD. Thus, TAb production is a risk factor for clinical AITD.

Johannes D. Veldhuis, George Ann Reynolds, Ali Iranmanesh, and Cyril Y. Bowers

Twenty-Four Hour Continuous Ghrelin Infusion Augments Physiologically Pulsatile, Nycthemeral, and Entropic (Feedback-Regulated) Modes of Growth Hormone Secretion
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3597-3603; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0620 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Continuous, subcutaneous infusion of native ghrelin for 24 hours elevates acylated ghrelin, GH, and IGF-I concentrations, and sustains physiologically pulsatile, 24-hour rhythmic and entropic patterns of GH secretion in a diverse cohort of adults, demonstrating ghrelin's potential to amplify GH production when there is reversible hyposomatotropism, such as in aging or obesity.

Pasquale Florio, Roberto Romero, Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa, Juan Pedro Kusanovic, Michela Torricelli, Phil J. Lowry, and Felice Petraglia

Amniotic Fluid and Umbilical Cord Plasma Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF), CRF-Binding Protein, Adrenocorticotropin, and Cortisol Concentrations in Intraamniotic Infection and Inflammation at Term
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3604-3609; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2843 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Women with spontaneous labor at term and intra-amniotic infection and other inflammation (IAI) have higher amniotic fluid and umbilical cord plasma corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF- binding protein concentrations, but no change in umbilical cord plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations compared to those without IAI, suggesting that secretion of CRF-binding protein by the fetus may be protective against overactivation of the HPA axis.

Xuegong Zhu, Xinliang Mao, Rose Hurren, Aaron D. Schimmer, Shereen Ezzat, and Sylvia L. Asa

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methyltransferase 3B Promotes Epigenetic Silencing through Histone 3 Chromatin Modifications in Pituitary Cells
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3610-3617; first published June 10 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0578 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The DNA methyltransferase enzyme DNMT3b is upregulated in pituitary tumors due to histone modifications, forming part of a chromatin network that targets Rb-cell cycle control elements.

Dorte Glintborg, Kurt Højlund, Nicoline R. Andersen, Bo Falck Hansen, Henning Beck-Nielsen, and Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski

Impaired Insulin Activation and Dephosphorylation of Glycogen Synthase in Skeletal Muscle of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Reversed by Pioglitazone Treatment
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3618-3626; first published June 10 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0760 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A defect in the ability of insulin to increase glycogen synthase activity through dephosphorylation in skeletal muscle contributes to insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The insulin-sensitizing effect of pioglitazone treatment results in near-normalization of this molecular defect.

Ivana Dostálová, Petra Kaválková, Denisa Haluzíková, Zdena Lacinová, Milos Mráz, Hana Papezová, and Martin Haluzík

Plasma Concentrations of Fibroblast Growth Factors 19 and 21 in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3627-3632; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0746 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 but not FGF19 are strongly linked to body weight and serum leptin, adiponectin, and insulin levels in both anorectic and normal-weight women, suggesting that reduced FGF21 levels could be involved in the pathophysiology or adaptive metabolic response in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Fabio Lanfranco, Lorenza Bonelli, Matteo Baldi, Elisa Me, Fabio Broglio, and Ezio Ghigo

Acylated Ghrelin Inhibits Spontaneous Luteinizing Hormone Pulsatility and Responsiveness to Naloxone But Not That to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Young Men: Evidence for a Central Inhibitory Action of Ghrelin on the Gonadal Axis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3633-3639; first published June 17 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0049 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Acylated ghrelin inhibits both spontaneous LH pulsatility and the LH response to naloxene in normal, young males, but does not affect the LH response to GnRH.

Jane Wardle, Susan Carnell, Claire M. A. Haworth, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Stephen O'Rahilly, and Robert Plomin

BRIEF REPORT:Obesity Associated Genetic Variation in FTO Is Associated with Diminished Satiety
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3640-3643; first published June 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0472 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Pathogenesis of obesity]
The obesity-linked FTO intronic SNP rs9939609 is associated with impaired satiety responsiveness, suggesting that FTO's correlation with increased body mass index partially involves effects on appetite.

Lijun Ma, Robert L. Hanson, Lorem N. Que, Janel L. Mack, Paul W. Franks, Aniello M. Infante, Sayuko Kobes, Clifton Bogardus, and Leslie J. Baier

BRIEF REPORT:Association Analysis of Krüppel-Like Factor 11 Variants with Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3644-3649; first published July 1 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0546 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A common variation in the Kruppel-like factor 11 (KLF11) gene does not appear to influence the population-based risk for developing type 2 diabetes in full-heritage Pima Indians, suggesting that this gene is unlikely to play a major role in the disease's etiology among this Native American population.

Announcements and Resources:

Endocrine-Related Resources from the National Institutes of Health
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3650-3653 [Full Text] [PDF]  

National Hormone & Peptide Program (NHPP): New Recombinant Hormones, Hypothalamic Peptides, Natural Hormones, New Antisera, & Expanded Hormone Assay Services Available
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 3654-3656 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:

John Funder, Robert Vigersky, and William F. Young

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:Patient Guide to Detection, Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

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